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Laplaceov operator

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Laplaceov operátor [laplásov ~] je v vektorskem računu skalarni diferencialni operator skalarne funkcije φ. Je enak vsoti vseh drugih parcialnih odvodov odvisne spremenljivke.

To odgovarja div (grad φ), zato tudi uporaba simbola del (nabla operator), ki ga predstavlja:

\nabla^2 \phi = \nabla \cdot ( \nabla \phi ) \; .

Zapišemo ga tudi z znakom Δ.

V eno in dvorazsežnih kartezičnih koordinatah je Laplacov operator:

\Delta_{1} \equiv \nabla^{2}_{1} = {\partial^2 \over \partial x^2 } \; , \quad \Delta_{2} \equiv \nabla^{2}_{2} = {\partial^2 \over \partial x^2 } + {\partial^2 \over \partial y^2 } \; .

In v treh Σ(x, y, z):

\Delta_{3} \equiv \nabla^{2}_{3} =  {\partial^2 \over \partial x^2 } + {\partial^2 \over \partial y^2 } + {\partial^2 \over \partial z^2 } \; .

V trorazsežnih cilindričnih koordinatah Σ(r, φ, z) je:

\nabla^2 t  = {1 \over r} {\partial \over \partial r}   \left( r {\partial t \over \partial r} \right)  + {1 \over r^2} {\partial^2 t \over \partial \phi^2} + {\partial^2 t \over \partial z^2 }

V trorazsežnih sferičnih koordinatah Σ(r, θ, φ) je:

\nabla^2 t  = {1 \over r^2} {\partial \over \partial r}   \left( r^2 {\partial t \over \partial r} \right)  + {1 \over r^2 \sin \theta} {\partial \over \partial \theta}   \left( \sin \theta {\partial t \over \partial \theta} \right)  + {1 \over r^2 \sin^2 \theta} {\partial^2 t \over \partial \phi^2}

Laplaceov operator se na primer pojavlja v Laplaceovi, Poissonovi, Poisson-Boltzmannovi, Helmholtzovi ali valovni enačbi.

Laplaceov operator je linearen:

\nabla^2 (f + g) = \nabla^2 f + \nabla^2 g \; .

Velja tudi:

\nabla^2(fg)=(\nabla^2f)g+2(\nabla f)\cdot(\nabla g)+f(\nabla^2g) \; .
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