Slika:Place articulation.png
Izvor: Wikipedija
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[edit] Places of articulation (passive & active)
- Exo-labial (outer part of lip)
- Endo-labial (inner part of lip)
- Dental (teeth)
- Alveolar (front part of alveolar ridge)
- Post-alveolar (rear part of alveolar ridge & slightly behind it)
- Pre-palatal (front part of hard palate that arches upward)
- Palatal (hard palate)
- Velar (soft palate)
- Uvular (a.k.a. Post-velar; uvula)
- Pharyngeal (pharyngeal wall)
- Glottal (a.k.a. Laryngeal; vocal folds)
- Epiglottal (epiglottis)
- Radical (tongue root)
- Postero-dorsal (back of tongue body)
- Antero-dorsal (front of tongue body)
- Laminal (tongue blade)
- Apical (apex or tongue tip)
- Sub-laminal (a.k.a. Sub-apical; underside of tongue)
- Some phoneticians may define terms slightly differently and may include more or less distinctions (e.g. Post-velar could be an area between Velar and Uvular; or Exo-labial and Endo-labial could be subsumed under Labial). The scheme used above is from Catford (1977).
- Pharyngeal can usefully divided into different regions.
- The term Retroflex is better thought of as a particular combination of a sublaminal/apical active articulator and a alveolar/postalveolar/prepalatal/palatal passive region.
- Radical is often considered to be both the upper tongue root (#13) and the lower tongue root including the epiglottis (#12).
[edit] info
- image by The Gimp
- image adapted from Minifie et al. (1973:); places are from Catford (1977)
- created by en:User:ish ishwar in 2005
- released under CC-by-2.0
cf.
- a Hebrew chart: he:תמונה:Vocal tract.png
- a simpler chart with only the passive articulators: Image:Places of articulation.png
[edit] biblio
- Catford, J. C. (1977). Fundamental problems in phonetics. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-32520-X.
- Minifie, Fred D.; Hixon, Thomas J.; & Williams, Frederick. (Eds.) (1973). Normal aspects of speech, hearing, and language. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-1362-3702-9.
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