超级火山
维基百科，自由的百科全书
超級火山是指能夠引發極大規模爆發的火山。雖然對於爆發規模沒有嚴謹的界定，但極大規模爆發都以瞬間改變地形，瞬間改變全球天氣及全球性的生命災難。
名字源於英國廣播公司的著名科學節目Horizon在2000年提及各類型爆發規模時節目監製所創作出來的。
[编辑] 爆發
火山爆發指數(VEI)為８級的爆發 are mega-colossal events that extrude at least 1000 km³ of magma and pyroclastic material. Such an eruption erases virtually all life in a radius of hundreds of kilometers from the site, and entire continental regions further out can be buried meters deep in ash. VEI-8 eruptions are so great as not to form mountains, but instead circular calderas, resulting from the downward collapse of land at the eruption site to fill emptied space in the magma chamber beneath. The caldera can remain for millions of years after all volcanic activity at the site has died.
VEI-8 volcanic events have included eruptions at the following locations (with estimates of the volume of erupted material at the event):
- Aira Caldera, 九州 (日本), 日本
- Aso, Kyūshū, 日本
- Campi Flegrei, Campania, 義大利
- Kikai Caldera, 琉球群岛, 日本
- Long Valley Caldera, 加州, 美國
- Lake Taupo, 北島, 紐西蘭
- Lake Toba, 蘇門塔臘, 印尼 (2,800 km³)
- Valle Grande, 新墨西哥, 美國
- Yellowstone Caldera, 懷俄明, 美國
- La Garita Caldera, 科羅拉多, 美國 (over 5,000 km³)
