聲調屈折
维基百科，自由的百科全书
聲調屈折(tone contour) is the how the pitch varies over a 音节 for a 聲調 in a tonal language. It is usually denoted by a string of two or three numbers, or an equivalent pictogram.
[编辑] 趙氏聲調值
The invention of this method of denoting tone contour is usually attributed to 赵元任. It may be visualised as a stave of music of five horizontal lines, each representing a different pitch level. The pitch levels are numbered from 1 to 5, the lowest being 1 and the highest being 5.
The 現代標準漢語 third tone has a tone contour /214/, showing a pitch that dips and then rises.
Examples of level tone contours are /11/, /22/, /33/, /44/ and /55/.
Falling tone contours include /51/, /31/, /53/, etc.
Rising tone contours include /13/, /35/, /15/, etc.
Some people write short tones with only one digit to emphasis the shortness. For example, a high-pitched short utterance would have a tone contour of /5/, whereas a long, level high tone would be /55/. These "abrupt tones" typically have either an unvoiced consonant or a glottal stop at the end which abruptly cuts off the vowel sound. However, other people prefer keeping the digit doubled to avoid confusion with the 聲調值.
[编辑] 其它的使用
In the study of African and Meso-americanist languages, linguists also use numbers to denote pitches. However, in these cases usually 1 denotes the highest pitch while 5 denotes the lowest pitch. Readers should pay attention to the context of different linguistic traditions.
[编辑] 參見
- 聲調值
