性欲倒错
维基百科，自由的百科全书
性欲倒错（英文：Paraphilia），又称性心理變態或性癖好異常，是一個心理健康名詞，用來指稱對某些物體或情況會產生性渴望，而那些物體或情況並不屬於社會規範下的性渴望／性活動模式。而這種性渴望可能會妨礙個體進行帶有感情互動之性活動的能力。
其他可能的中文翻譯還有性變態、性倒錯、性偏差、性偏好、性癖好、特殊性癖好等等。所有的這些詞通常都被使用在具有負面意涵的脈絡下。
目录 |
[编辑] 定義
這個詞常被用於不同的領域。儅它被用於心理學或者是性學時，僅僅是一個中性的學術術語，指非典型、非常槼的性興趣，譬如：
性偏好障礙在臨床醫學上得不到應有的重視，即使它也會導致正常的性生活受到不同程度的抑制（這取決於個人對於文化與時代的觀感）。
Paraphilia is sometimes used by laypeople in a more judgemental or prejudicial sense, to categorize sexual desires or activities lying well outside the societal norm. Many sexual activities now considered harmless or even beneficial by many (such as masturbation) have often been considered perversions or psychosexual disorders in various societies, and how to regard these behaviors has been, and continues at times to be, a controversial matter.
The term "paraphilia" is rarely used in general English, with references to the actual interest concretely being more common. Some see the term as helping to aid objectivity when discussing taboo behaviors or those meeting public disapproval, but which may not in fact be a problem. Others interpret the term more pejoratively as rare conditions or serious disorders that meet with societal disapproval and are (or should be) criminalized or seriously require treatment.
It is worth noting typical clinical warnings given against improper assumptions about paraphilias:
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- "Paraphilias are ... sexual fantasies, urges and behaviors that are considered deviant with respect to cultural norms..."
- "Although several of these disorders can be associated with aggression or harm, others are neither inherently violent nor aggressive"
- "The boundary for social as well as sexual deviance is largely determined by cultural and historical context. As such, sexual disorders once considered paraphilias (e.g., homosexuality) are now regarded as variants of normal sexuality; so too, sexual behaviors currently considered normal (e.g., masturbation) were once culturally proscribed"
- (Source: Psychiatric Times)
What is considered to be "perversion" or "deviation" varies from society to society. Some paraphilias fall into the kinds of activities often called 'sexual perversions' or 'sexual deviancy' with negative connotations or 'kinky sex' with more positive connotations. Some specific paraphilias have been or are currently crimes in some jurisdictions. In some religions certain sexual interests are forbidden, and this has led to some people believing that all paraphilias must be sins. Since the development of psychology attempts have been made to characterize them in terms of their etiology and in terms of the ways they change the functioning of individuals in social situations. Some of these psycho-medical etiologies and descriptions have allow many societies and religious/ethical traditions to view some of the paraphilias in a less negative light, at least in some circumstances. Some behaviors that might be classified as paraphilias by some subsets of society may be viewed as harmless eccentricities by other subsets of society, or entirely normal behavior within other societies.
Due to the somewhat subjective nature of their definition, the specific acts included under the umbrella of paraphilia vary from time to time and from place to place, and indeed from edition to edition of such works as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).
[编辑] 例子
[编辑] 行為銘印作用
[编辑] 術語歷史
[编辑] 非經過同意且屬於犯罪行為的性偏好障礙行為
[编辑] 一般的性偏好障礙
[编辑] 其他性偏好障礙
[编辑] 爭議
[编辑] 宗教對於性偏好障礙的觀點
[编辑] 概況
性欲倒錯有時也稱爲性欲偏離。但是關於什麽是“倒錯”或“偏離”，不同的社會有不同的解讀。在一些地區，性欲倒錯曾經以及/或現在是一種罪行。其他的一些則認爲它是一種無害的偏離行爲。
在DSM-IV中定義了一些潛在的性欲倒錯行爲，包括：
- 虐待癖：從造成痛苦中獲得性愉悅
- 窺陰癖：從觀看其它人中獲得性愉悅
- 嗜兽癖
只有儅這些活動涉及強迫他人或有很明顯的破壞當事人的身體或精神機能時才會提供專業治療。
雖然同性戀曾被認爲是性欲倒錯[1]，但是直到最近，大部分的人才不這樣認爲[2]。類似的，經雙方同意的受虐癖、露陰癖、窺陰癖以及非精神疾病的戀物癖、尿色情甚至糞便嗜好症也相當大程度的稱爲被人接受的性行爲。這些認識的變化可能由於人們很難理解爲什麽有一些人會對對很多人來説沒有作用的事物產生性衝動。
