怡保

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怡保的位置

怡保旧市区内具有英国殖民地时代特色的建筑物

“怡保”(Ipoh)(北纬4.6°, 东经101.07°) 是马来西亚，霹雳州的首府，位于吉隆坡之北约200公里，是西马次於吉隆坡、新山、檳城的第四大城市。怡保处于近打（Kinta）河流域，是馬來西亞產錫礦的地方，怡保因此也被稱作「錫都」。又因四周被岩石山岭环抱，怡保也有「山城」之称。另外,怡保从前也被称为"坝罗".

"怡保" 通常指怡保市政厅或“Dewan Bandaraya Ipoh”所管辖之地区，其中包括怡保市附近的小镇如朱毛（Chemor）、九洞（Jelapang）、华林(Falim)、万里望（Menglembu）和丹戎红毛丹（Tanjong Rambutan）。从历史角度来看， “怡保”指的是被近打河分开的“旧街场”和“新街场”。现任怡保市长为Hasan Nawawi Abdul Rahman。

[编辑] 历史和背景

怡保（Ipoh）的名字源自当地的一种树名（怡保树：pohon epu或pokok ipoh）。怡保树含有毒性的树汁被土人（Orang Asli）用来制作打猎吹筒的毒矢。怡保也被当地华人称为“山城”或“壩羅”。

怡保位于盛产锡米的近打河（Kinta）流域。怡保在1920至1930年代，急速发展成一个采矿城镇。但在1950年代，随着锡价的下降和矿场的关闭,怡保的发展停滞不前，导致许多青年传向其他城市，尤其是吉隆坡和新加坡，去谋生。1988年5月12日，怡保正式被宣布为“市”。近来，随着市内许多发展计划的推行，怡保逐渐地恢复昔日的繁华。

[编辑] 人口

怡保是马来西亚最大的城市之一，人口有637200人（2004年），都市区人口798,800 (2004)，居马来西亚第二位。怡保市居民以华裔（约75%）居多，其中广东和客家人占大多数，粤语是这里华裔间最普遍的沟通语。早期移民多数是来采矿的勤劳的客家人。

[编辑] 文化

[编辑] 地方小食

Main article: Ipoh cuisine

怡保以烹饪著称。Natives claim that 怡保的水, which is relatively 硬水 (high alkali content) owing to 怡保's location on top of a large karstic formation, makes the food especially tasty.

沙河粉 It is best taken in a soup with shredded chicken meat and prawns。
芽菜鸡
白咖啡。

[编辑] 有趣的地方

怡保的旧街场和新街场 是两个不同的部分，由近打河分开。大部分第二次世界大战以前的店铺，建筑遗产和一些政府建筑都位于旧街场，而新街场包括新建筑、购物中心和住宅区。 D. R. Seenivasagam Park, 位于怡保的心脏(新城), 是当地出名的风景及休闲区. 它开发了数个消闲场地。它一个育有各类鱼儿的人工湖；一间盆栽植物的苗圃；一个儿童游乐场。那儿也有美丽的拱门 , modular framework, 凉蓬,人行道。此外还有以它为名的怡保树。最新加建的日本造园表现了典型的日本锦鲤池。该公园的清新空气及多元的生态也是这公园主要卖点之一。怡保附近著名的景点包括凯利古堡 Kellie's Castle (或 Callie's Castle), 这是一个性情古怪的英国庄园主人的未完成，二被荒置了的大厦。古堡就靠近 Batu Gajah,离怡保约半个 half an hour's drive from Ipoh city centre. Its main appeal lies in the belief that it is haunted and that secret passages eading to hidden chambers exist.

A 15-minute drive from 怡保 towards Tanjung Rambutan brings you to the foot of a limestone hill where a rejuvenating experience awaits you - an invigorating hot bath from a natural spring, the Tambun hot springs.

The school building of St. Michael's Institution (SMI) along Clayton Road (now known as Jalan S.P. Seenivasagam) is an architectural masterpiece. Aside from this school, the Ipoh Train station which has elements of Moorish and 哥特式建筑 is another famous landmark of this former tin-mining city. SMI and the Railway Station are located in the Old Town of Ipoh. Many olden-day shophouses along Leech Street (in Chinese: 烈治街; now known as Jalan Bandar Timah) in the Old Town still maintain their architectural significance, besides being a popular tourist spot for food and drinks (refer the Food section below).

新城里有霹雳医科大学和怡保市政局等。

For more information about 新城 and its places of interest refer below.

[编辑] 石灰岩溶洞

怡保 has many limestone caves due to the karstic formation around it. 三宝洞temple, is a Chinese temple built within a gigantic limestone cave. It houses a few giant tortoises too. Its sister temple, 霹雳洞, has a steep, tall staircase in the interior of the cave rising up to the top of its hill where one is greeted by a panoramic view of Ipoh and its surroundings. The statue of Buddha in 霹雳洞 is the tallest and largest of its kind in Malaysia. Both these cavern temples have decent vegetarian food.

极乐洞也值得一看，which is a cave temple that lies on the other side of the same range of limestone hills as 三宝洞. however, it is only accessible through the Gunung Rapat housing area. It has a cleaner, quieter and more cooling environment and has the best scenic cave view.

石灰岩 hills extend 20 km north of 怡保 and also 20 km to the south. There are many cavesin these hills. Gua Tempurung, near Gopeng south of Ipoh, is a show cave open to the public.

[编辑] 基础设施

[编辑] 学校

There are several schools with decades of established history in 怡保. These include: (first four being former Catholic-run schools)

Sam Tet School (Sam Tet)
- Chinese-medium school，famous for its track record in the Malaysian STPM pre-university level (similar to the Britain's A-levels)
St Michael's Institution (SMI)
- well-known for its drama performances (its first was in 1955), its debate team, and its Scouts Movement
Main Convent
- famous for debate teams and choral-speaking choirs
霹雳女校
- got many pretty girls, and 2 basketball courts which are frequented by the public.
Ave Maria Convent
- famous for their debate team, netball track record, and band; also the public examination track records
怡保Anderson School (Anderson)
- stronghold of hockey on the Malaysian national level
怡保Anglo-Chinese School (ACS)
- pioneers in Broadway musicals and dramas also famous for its award winning choirs
怡保卫理公会女校(MGS)
怡保国际学校
- 怡保唯一的移居国外者孩子的学校
Sekolah Tuanku Abdul Rahman (STAR) Ipoh
- Among the elite boarding schools in Malaysia，for 马来学生 with high academic standards

[编辑] 医疗

怡保医院, 是霹雳州一所公立医院，is located near the Fair Park and Greentown area. A short distance from there lies new 怡保健康诊所(公立).

除了公立医院，这里还有私立医院(如Fatimah 医院、班台公主專科醫院,Ipoh Specialist Hospital ( 怡保專科醫院),• Kinta Medical Center ( 近打醫藥中心)

[编辑] 体育

There are a few sporting venues in 怡保. The main sports stadium for 足球(soccer) and other track and field events is the Perak Stadium. There is an indoor sports stadium beside it, the Indera Mulia Stadium.

For golf, the available courses in 怡保 are 皇家Perak Golf Club (off Tiger Lane or Jalan 苏丹 Azlan Shah Selatan). Another course is en route to Batu Gajah, which is the Clearwater Sanctuary.

Other sports venues include the Kilat Club in Pasir Pinji，怡保Field (Padang Ipoh) in 老城，and the Polo Grounds.

[编辑] 交通

老的interstate Route 1 连接怡保与相邻州和城镇(such as the town of Gopeng to the south, and 吉隆坡 down south).
新的南北大道is a faster and more efficient alternative to Route 1. certain towns like Kampar can only be accessible via Route 1. Drivers using 南北大道 can exit into 怡保 from any of these 3 exits - Simpang Pulai,怡保(S) or 怡保(U).
怡保火车站is operated by KTM (Keretapi Tanah Melayu) and is situated in 老城(it does not have intra-city travel like in 吉隆坡).
The bus terminal is located in Medan Gopeng of 新城(formerly located in Medan Kidd, 老城).
苏丹Azlan Shah 机场. 靠近Gunung Rapat.
Those travelling to and from KLIA can also take an express bus straight and from KLIA for only RM42 / way.

[编辑] 发展

Various development activities has been mooted and revived in the city recently, including the revitalisation of projects halted during 1997年亚洲金融风暴。

[编辑] 艺术,娱乐和文化

怡保 was regarded by some filmmakers as a good location for shooting due to its beautiful scenery. Movies filmed in Ipoh include:

安娜与国王 (starring 周润发 and Jodie Foster). The "palace" scenes were filmed at an 怡保 golf course.
Sepet directed by Yasmin Ahmad.
SeveralBollywood and Kollywood (印度电影工业) movies were also made in 怡保.
Father and Son (starring Aaron Kwok, still under production). The "house" scenery were filmed at an 怡保 residential area

怡保 is also the home ground for several budding independent (indie) music groups.

[编辑] 现代娱乐

靠近保市政局的Greentown地区is fast becoming an entertainment hotspot. The coming online of Greentown Business Center is giving new life to the city centre. The general activities in the new development consists mostly of restaurants, food outlets, and cafés.

Medan Ipoh(formerly known as Metro Ipoh Baru) is a favourite for 许多年轻人. The residents of the city have dubbed the area as 怡保's very own 'Bangsar' (akin to the hip Bangsar area in 吉隆坡). It is located adjacent to Ipoh Garden East. The place is famous for its cluster of nightspots, cafés, coffee shops (serving local food), entertainment outlets, F&B (food and beverage) joints, and more recently cybercafés.

英国零售巨霸, TESCO，最近也在此地区设立分行。 Kinta City Mall (a popular shopping place for locals, owned by the giant Jusco departmental store chain from 日本) is also located adjacent to Medan 怡保 and Tesco.

The recently opened "Lost World of Tambun" is expected to gain a certain following as 怡保's own "Sunway City" (mirroring the actual "Sunway City" which is located about 15 km east of Kuala Lumpur). Within the "Lost World of Tambun" is the upgraded and revived natural hot spring, which was very popular in the 1960s and 1970s.

[编辑] 知名人物

怡保 has its share of prominent people who are known regionally or internationally, especially in business and entertainment:

One of 怡保最著名 natives is actress Dato' Michelle Yeoh, who acted in the James Bond film Tomorrow Never Dies. (She is an alumnus of Main Convent 怡保, and was awarded the honorary title Dato' by 霹雳苏丹in recognition of her achievements.)
Cartoonist Mohammad Nor Khalid, better known as Lat, had his primary education in Jalan Pasir Putih school and secondary education in Anderson School.
香港 actresses Angie Cheung Wai Yee 出生于怡保.
臺灣歌手，王光良，無印良品組合，怡保三德國民型中學校友。
Co-founder of a popular local music group Poetic Ammo, Point Blanc (Nicholas Ong), was a student of SRK La Salle, Canning Garden and SMK Seri Putera, Fair Park and a member of the OMPH Catholic church.
Badminton player Cheah Soon Kit (Atlanta Olympics Silver Medallist for men's doubles).
Malaysian Idol finalist (second runner-up) Vick Teo Hui Mau.