德国统一社会党
维基百科，自由的百科全书
德国统一社会党（英文Socialist Unity Party of Germany，德文: Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands or SED），是原东德唯一执政党（1949年--1990年），其前身是1946年由德国社会民主党和德国共产党合并而成. 1989年12月，该党举行特别代表大会，取消原中央委员会和政治局，通过了新的党章，规定该党是马克思主义和社会主义政党，党的目标是在民主德国建设一个新的、人道主义的、民主的社会主义政黨，并决定把党的名称由德国统一社会党改为“德国统一社会党 —— 民主社会主义党”（德文：Sozialistsche Einheitspartei Deutschlands-Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus）。
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[编辑] 早期历史
根据东德和苏联的官方观点，德国社会民主党（SPD）与德国共产党（KPD）在柏林苏占区的合并是双方努力之下合乎逻辑又平稳完成的过程，但是有更多的证据表明，在合并的背后远远还隐藏着很多问题没有被官方提及。
The Soviet Military Administration in Germany (Russian initials: SVAG) directly governed the eastern areas of Germany following World War II, and their intelligence operations carefully monitored all political activities. An early intelligence report from SVAG Propaganda Administration director Lieutenant Colonel Sergei Ivanovich Tiulpanov (see External Links, below) indicates that the former KPD and SPD members created different factions within the SED and remained rather mutually antagonistic for some time after the formation of the new party. Also reported was a great deal of difficulty in convincing the masses that the SED was a German political party, and not merely a tool of the Soviet occupation force.
According to Tiulpanov, many former members of the KPD expressed the sentiment that they had "forfeited [their] revolutionary positions, that [the KPD] alone would have succeeded much better had there been no SED, and that the Social Democrats are not to be trusted" (Tiulpanov, 1946). Also, Tiulpanov indicated that there was a marked "political passivity" among former SPD members, who felt they were being treated unfairly and as second-class party members by the new SED administration. As a result, the early SED party apparatus became mired down as former KPD members began discussing any proposal, however small, at great length with the former SPD members, so as to achieve consensus and avoid offending them. Soviet intelligence claimed to have a list of names of a SPD group within the SED which was covertly forging links with the SPD in the West and even with the Western Allied military governments.
A problem the Soviets identified with the early SED was its potential to develop into a nationalist party. At large party meetings, members applauded speakers who talked of nationalism much more than when they spoke of solving social problems and gender equality. Some even proposed the idea of establishing an independent German socialist state free of both Soviet and Western influence, and of soon regaining the formerly German land that the Yalta Conference had reallocated to Poland.
Soviet handlers reported that SED politicians frequently pushed past the boundaries of the political statements which had been approved by the Soviet censors, and there was some initial difficulty making provincial SED parties realize that they should not oppose the political positions decided upon by the Central Committee in Berlin.
[编辑] 冷战时期
最初统一社会党在西柏林有一個分支，但是於1962年這個分支被分離。不久以後，他們構成了一個分開的黨名為“西柏林统一社会党”。
[编辑] 最后的日子
在1990年東德選舉前，统一社会党的會員人數突然驟降，而且還改黨名為“德國民主社會主義黨”，老社會民主黨被重建為分開黨。但在這情況之下，“德國民主社會主義黨”在兩德統一的重大變化下生存，而且還穩步上揚，能夠在議會中取得有一定的席位。自2003年來，“德國民主社會主義黨”在德國東部保持顯要。在2005年，“德國民主社會主義黨”再次改名為“左翼黨”（德文：Die Linkspartei），並在2005年德國聯邦選舉中與“勞工社會法律黨”（左派政黨，由前德國社會民主黨著名會員奧斯卡·拉方亭所帶領）成為聯盟，竟意料地增加了8%的支持。
