弥赛亚 (亨德尔)
维基百科,自由的百科全书
为了阅读方便,本文使用標題手工轉換。
顯示标题为:zh-cn:弥赛亚;zh-tw:彌賽亞;条目实际名稱為:弥赛亚 (亨德尔)
为了阅读方便,本文使用全文手工轉換。
转换内容:zh-cn:亨德尔;zh-tw:韓德爾;当前用字模式下显示为:亨德尔
转换内容:zh-cn:清唱剧;zh-tw:神劇;当前用字模式下显示为:清唱剧
《弥赛亚》(Messiah),巴洛克时期著名音乐家亨德尔创作的大型清唱剧,同时也是他最为有名的作品之一,是世界上知名度最高的清唱剧和宗教音乐作品之一。其中第二部分终曲《哈利路亚大合唱》更是大大小小的合唱团和唱诗班的保留曲目,在西方几乎人人皆知。《弥赛亚》已不仅仅是宗教音乐,它已成为世界音乐史上的不朽之作。
目录 |
[编辑] 创作历程
《弥赛亚》是在亨德尔处境艰难的事业低谷时期创作的,但此后又成就了他事业上的另一个高峰。亨德尔初到英国,犹如一股清新的风,给长期低迷的英国音乐界重新带来了生机。他深受国王(女王)宠爱,在宫廷里供职,创作了大量的宫廷音乐和意大利式歌剧。但这样的“贵族音乐”不受下层民众的欢迎,用意大利语演唱的歌词、令人感到乏味的故事情节限制了普通民众对音乐的理解。世界上第一部音乐剧《乞丐的歌剧》于1729年在伦敦上演,深受广大民众的欢迎,这对以亨德尔为代表的贵族音乐创作集团提出了挑战。此后,嫉妒亨德尔的朝臣开始在国王耳边进献诽谤,他经营的歌剧院也倒闭了。这些打击对亨德尔无疑是巨大的,但他再次站了起来。1735年7月,亨德尔收到了好友詹宁斯寄来的三部神剧剧本—《扫罗》、《弥赛亚》和《伯萨撒王》。在亨德尔悉心研究这些剧本,並深深为之感动的同时,心灵也再次接受了宗教的净化。他重新找到了创作的信心。1741年8月22日下午,亨德尔开始创作《弥赛亚》。关于亨德尔究竟花了多久的时间来创作这部光演出就要花两个半钟头的巨作,各家说法不一。一般的材料说他仅用24天的时间便完成了《弥赛亚》的创作。宏大的作品中融入了作曲家成熟的宗教虔诚。
[编辑] 演出情况
《弥赛亚》于1742年4月13日在爱尔兰首府都柏林首演。海报上写着:“为了一些困苦的囚犯,以及梅尔舍医院的利益而演出。”《弥赛亚》的演出获得了成功,亨德尔再次回到了英国人的目光之中。1743年,《弥赛亚》在伦敦上演,英王乔治二世亲临剧院。当听到第二部分终曲《哈利路亚大合唱》时,国王按捺不住内心的激动,站立起来听完了全曲。为了维护《弥赛亚》的地位不因过多演出而受损,国王下旨,禁止出版和随便演唱这部作品;每年只在春天演出一次,且只有亨德尔本人才有指挥资格。亨德尔每年按国王的御旨举行公开演出—演出收益用于孤儿院的募捐—直到他去世前8天。
演出的规模:
首演时有18人唱诗班,使用了33件乐器;莫扎特1789年重新编谱,使后来演出的人数大增,同年的伦敦演出有275位人声和248件乐器的记录;1859年伦敦举行亨德尔逝世100週年纪念会时,合唱团人数高达2765人,乐器460件;1869年美国波士顿“和平日节庆”演出时,更创下了一万人合唱《哈利路亚大合唱》、500件乐器伴奏的记录。
[编辑] 结构内容
“弥赛亚”是“救世主”的意思。《弥赛亚》的歌词全部节选自《圣经》(如《以赛亚书》、四大福音书、《诗篇》、《启示录》等),叙述了耶稣出生、生活、受难、受死以及复活的全部过程。
全曲分三部分:
第一部分:耶稣降临的预言和他的诞生(21曲)
第二部分:救赎的信息和耶稣为全人类的牺牲(23曲)
第三部分:耶稣的复活和最终的审判(13曲)
亨德尔的音乐以旋律的简朴流畅、气势的雄伟、音响的明亮以及对人物、情节生动的描绘而著称。他使咏叹调的性格更多样化,使宣叙调的音调更旋律化,并加强了序曲、间奏曲、器乐伴奏的标题性和造型性。对合唱的运用方面,他不拘泥于複調音樂,而广泛地运用主调音乐,使两者有机地揉和在一起,大大提高了合唱在清唱剧中的地位。
[编辑] 英文歌词
注意:聖經經文之中文翻譯,以中文《和合本》聖經文本之經文作為標準;
中文和合本聖經之經文已經超過版權保護期,屬於公有領域。
1.Sinfonia (Overture) 4:47
一、交響樂(序曲)—— 四分四十七秒
2.Comfort ye, my people (Tenor) 3:38
二、你們要安慰,我的百姓(男高音)—— 三分三十八秒
- Isaiah 40:1-3
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- Comfort ye, comfort ye my people, saith your God; speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem;
- and cry unto her, that her warfare is accomplishèd, that her iniquity is pardoned.
- Comfort ye, comfort ye my people, saith your God; speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem;
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- The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord,
- make straight in the desert a highway for our God.
- The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord,
- 以賽亞書 四十章 第一至三節
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- 你們的 神說,你們要安慰,安慰我的百姓。要對耶路撒冷說安慰的話,又向他宣告說,
- 他爭戰的日子已滿了,他的罪孽赦免了,他為自己的一切罪,從耶和華手中加倍受罰。
- 你們的 神說,你們要安慰,安慰我的百姓。要對耶路撒冷說安慰的話,又向他宣告說,
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- 有人聲喊著說,在曠野預備耶和華的路(或作在曠野有人聲喊著說當預備耶和華的路),
- 在沙漠地修平我們 神的道。
- 有人聲喊著說,在曠野預備耶和華的路(或作在曠野有人聲喊著說當預備耶和華的路),
3.Every valley shall be exhalted (Tenor) 3:32
三、一切山窪都要填滿(男高音)—— 三分三十二秒
- Isaiah 40:4
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- Every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill made low;
- the crooked straight, and the rough places plain.
- Every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill made low;
- 以賽亞書 四十章 第四節
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- 一切山窪都要填滿,大小山岡都要削平,高高低低的要改為平坦,崎崎嶇嶇的必成為平原。
4.And the glory of the Lord (Chorus) 3:36
四、耶和華的榮耀(合唱)—— 三分三十六秒
- Isaiah 40:5
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- And the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together;
- for the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it.
- And the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together;
- 以賽亞書 四十章 第五節
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- 耶和華的榮耀必然顯現、凡有血氣的、必一同看見、因為這是耶和華親口說的。
5.Thus saith the Lord (Bass) 1:52
Thus saith the Lord of Hosts: Yet once a little while and I will shake the heavens and the earth, the sea and the dry land; and I will shake all nations;and the desire of all nations shall come.
The Lord, whom ye seek, shall suddenly come to his temple, even the messenger of the covenant, whom ye delight in; behold, He shall come, saith the Lord of Hosts.
6.But who may abide (Bass) 5:01
But who may abide the day of his coming and who shall stand when He appeareth? For He is like a refiner's fire.
7.And He shall purify (Chorus) 3:11
And He shall purify the sons of Levy, that they may offer unto the Lord an offering of righteousness.
8.Behold, a virgin shall conceive (Contralto) 0:43
Behold! A virgin shall conceive and bear a son, and shall call his name Emmanuel, God with us.
9.O thou that tellest good tidings to Zion (Chorus) 7:22
O thou that tellest good tidings of Zion, get thee up into the high mountain; O thou that tellest good tidings to Jerusalem, lift up thy voice with strength; lift it up, be not afraid; say unto the cities of Judah, Behold your God! Isaiah 40:9
Arise, shine, for thy light is come, and the glory of the Lord is risen upon thee.
10.For behold, darkness shall cover the earth (Bass) 2:59
For, behold, darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness the people; but the Lord shall arise upon thee; and His glory shall be seen upon thee, and the Gentiles shall come to thy light, and kings to the brightness of thy rising.
11.The people that walked in darkness (Bass) 4:51
The people that walked in darkness have seen a great light; and they that dwell in the land of the shadow of death, upon them hath the light shined. Isaiah 9:2
12.For unto us a child is born (Chorus) 4:49
For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given, and the government shall be upon his shoulder; and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, the Mighty God, the everlasting Father, the Prince of Peace. Isaiah 9:6
13.Pifa (Pastoral Symphony) 4:37
14.There were shepherds (Soprano) 0:59
There were shepherds abiding in the field, keeping watch over their flocks by night, And lo! the angel of the Lord came upon them, and the glory of the Lord shone round about them, and they were sore afraid.
15.And the angel said unto them (Soprano) 0:53
And the Angel said unto them, Fear not; for behold I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people; for unto you is born this day in the city of David, a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord.
16.And suddenly there was with the angel (Soprano) 0:21
And suddenly there was with the Angel a multitude of the heavenly host, praising God and saying: ...
17.Glory to God in the highest (Chorus) 2:17
Glory to God in the highest, and peace on earth, goodwill towards men.
18.Rejoice greatly oh daughters of Zion (Soprano) 4:32
Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion! Shout, O daughter of Jerusalem! Behold, thy King cometh unto thee! He is the righteous Saviour, and He shall speak peace unto the heathen.
19.Then shall the eyes of the blind (Contralto) 0:31
Then shall the eyes of the blind be opened, and the ears of the deaf unstopped; then shall the lame leap as a hart, and the tongue of the dumb shall sing.
20.He shall feed His flock (Contralto & Soprano) 6:12
He shall feed his flock like a shepherd, and He shall gather the lambs with his arm, and carry them in his bosom, and gently lead those that are with young.
Come unto him, all ye that labour and are heavy laden, and He will give you rest. Take his yoke upon you, and learn of him, for He is meek and lowly of heart, and ye shall find rest unto your souls.
21.His yoke is easy (Chorus) 3:03
His yoke is easy, and His burthen is light.
第二部分
22. Behold the Lamb of God (Chorus) 4:08
Behold the Lamb of God that taketh away the sin of the world.
23.He was despised (Contralto) 6:02
He was despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief.
24.Surely, He hath borne our griefs (Chorus) 2:59
Surely He hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows! He was wounded for our transgressions; He was bruised for our iniquities; the chastisement of our peace was upon Him.
25.And with His stripes (Chorus) 2:21
And with His stripes we are healed.
26.All we like sheep have gone astray (Chorus) 4:02
All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way. And the Lord hath laid on Him the iniquity of us all.
27.All they that see Him (Tenor) 0:53
All they that see him, laugh Him to scorn; they shoot out their lips, and shake their heads saying:...
28.He trusted in God (Chorus) 2:24
...He trusted in God that He would deliver him; let Him deliver him, if He delight in him.
29.Thy rebuke hath broken His heart (Tenor) 2:39
Thy rebuke hath broken His heart; He is full of heaviness. He looked for some to have pity on Him, but there was no man, neither found He any to comfort Him.
30.Behold and see if there be any (Tenor) 2:03
Behold, and see if there be any sorrow like unto His sorrow.
31.He was cut off (Tenor) 0:26
He was cut off from the land of the living; for the trangressions of Thy people was He stricken.
32.But thou didst not leave (Tenor) 3:22
But Thou didst not leave His soul in hell; nor didst Thou suffer Thy Holy One to see corruption.
33.Lift up your heads (Chorus) 3:13
Lift up your heads, O ye gates, and be ye lift up, ye everlasting doors, and the King of Glory shall come in. Who is the King of Glory? The Lord strong and mighty, the Lord mighty in battle. Lift up your heads, O ye gates, and be ye lift up, ye everlasting doors, and the King of Glory shall come in. Who is the King of Glory? The Lord of Hosts, He is the King of Glory.
34.Unto which of the angels (Tenor) 0:26
Unto which of the Angels said He at any time, Thou art My son, this day have I begotten thee?
35.Let all the angels of God (Chorus) 1:37
Let all the angels of God worship Him.
36.Thou art gone up on high (Bass) 3:59
Thou art gone up on high; Thou hast led captivity captive, and received gifts for men, yea, even from thine enemies, that the Lord God might dwell among them.
37.The Lord gave the word (Chorus) 1:12
The Lord gave the word, great was the company of the preachers.
38.How beautiful are the feet (Soprano) 3:05
How beautiful are the feet of them that preach the gospel of peace, and bring glad tidings of good things.
39.Their sound is gone out into all lands (Chorus) 1:43
Their sound is gone out into all lands, and their words unto the ends of the world.
40.Why do the nations so furious rage (Bass) 2:53
Why do the nations so furiously rage together, and why do the people imagine a vain thing? The kings of the earth rise up, and the rulers take counsel together against the Lord, and against His Annointed.
41.Let us break their bonds asunder (Chorus) 1:49
Let us break their bonds asunder, and cast away their yokes from us.
42.He that dwelleth in Heaven (Tenor) 0:22
He that dwelleth in heaven shall laugh them to scorn; the Lord shall have them in derision.
43.Thou shalt break them (Tenor) 2:10
Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron; Thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter's vessel.
44.Hallelujah (Chorus) 3:32
Alleluia: for the Lord God omnipotent reigneth.(Revelation 19:6b) The Kingdoms of this world are become the kingdoms of our Lord and of His Christ; and He shall reign for ever and ever. KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS.
第三部分
45.I know that my Redeemer liveth (Soprano) 7:43
I know that my Redeemer liveth, and that he shall stand at the latter day upon the earth; and though worms destroy this body, yet in my flesh shall I see God.
For now is Christ risen from the dead, the first-fruits of them that sleep.
46.Since by man came death (Chorus) 2:30
Since by man came death by man came also the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die even so in Christ shall all be made alive.
47.Behold, I tell you a mystery (Bass) 0:42
Behold, I tell you a mystery; We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet.
48.The trumpet shall sound (Bass) 4:20
The trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed. For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality.
49.Then shall be brought to pass (Contralto) 0:21
Then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written: Death is swallowed up in victory!
50.O death where is thy sting (Contralto & Tenor) 1:24
O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is thy victory? The sting of death is sin, and the strength of sin is the law.
51.But thanks be to God (Chorus) 2:22
But thanks be to God, who giveth us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.
52.If God be for us (Soprano) 5:35
If God be for us, who can be against us? Who shall lay anything to the charge of God's elect? It is God that justifieth, who is he that condemneth? It is Christ that died, yea, rather that is risen again, who makes intercession for us.
53.Worthy is the Lamb (Chorus) 7:52
Worthy is the Lamb that was slain, and hath redeemed us to God by his blood, to receive power, and riches, and wisdom, and strength, and honour, and glory, and blessing. Blessing, and honour, glory and power, be unto him that sitteth upon the throne, and unto the Lamb, for ever and ever. Amen.