卫生政策研究
维基百科，自由的百科全书
目录 |
[编辑] 卫生政策历史
[编辑] 当代公共卫生政策
[编辑] 健康促进
- 总论
- 烟草
- 主條目：[[禁烟]]
- 肥胖
- Emergency preparedness
卫生政策和健康的关系
[编辑] Health care financing
Health care can be financed in combinations of four basic ways. Provision can be public or private. Finance can be public or private. A self-employed doctor working for the National Health Service is an example of private provision with public finance (D). A private hospital which is financed by private health insurance schemes is an example of private finance and provision (C). Private insurers can buy services from publicly owned hospitals (A) and finally health can be provided by publicly financed staff in publicly financed hospitals,(B) as in the Spanish National Health system.
A. Public Provision Private Finance. B. Public Provision Public Finance. C. Private Provision Private Finance. D. Private Provision, Public Finance.
See: Donaldson & Gerard. 1993.
Each means of financing of course has implications for efficiency and equity. A system can be progressive Progressive Taxand so more equitable or regressive and less equitable. Transfers of wealth can be from the sick to the healthy or from rich to poor. There is a fundamental problem with direct payment or Fees for Service (FFS) systems in that if you are ill you are often unable to work and earn the money needed to pay for treatment.
- 健康保险
- Single Payer
- Employer Based Coverage
- Fee-for-service
- Mixed financing systems.
[编辑] Delivery system
- 主條目：Health care delivery
- 主條目：卫生信息学
Health informatics or medical informatics is the intersection of information science, medicine and health care. It deals with the resources, devices and methods required to optimize the acquisition, storage, retrieval and use of information in health and biomedicine. Health informatics tools include not only computers but also clinical guidelines, formal medical terminologies, and information and communication systems.
Policy concerns regarding informatics include those of information privacy (see HIPPA), contagious disease tracking, and disaster management.
[编辑] 健康鸿沟
- 主條目：Health disparities
Health disparities refer to gaps in the quality of health and health care across racial and ethnic groups. The Health Resources and Services Administration defines health disparities as "population-specific differences in the presence of disease, health outcomes, or access to health care."
[编辑] 其他
[编辑] 参考资料
- 世界卫生组织的健康定义 Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, 1946
- Rethinking the WHO Definition of Health
- Control of Communicable Diseases Manual edited by James B. Chin, APHA, 2000
- Encyclopedia of public health edited by Lester Breslow, Macmillan Reference 2002
- Munger, Michael C. "Analyzing Policy: Choices, Conflicts, and Practices." New York: Norton, 2000.
- Donaldson, c. & Gerard. K. Economics of Health Care Financing.London: Macmillan, 1993.
