全字母句
维基百科，自由的百科全书
包含有字母表中所有字母并且言之成义的句子称为全字母句（英语pangram或holoalphabetic sentence，希腊语pan gramma（意为“每一个字母”））。全字母句被用于显示字体和测试打字机。英语中最知名的全字母句是“The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog（敏捷的棕色狐狸跳过懒狗身上）”。
一般，有趣的全字母句都很短；写出一个包含有最少重复字母的全字母句是一件富有挑战性的工作。长的全字母句在正确的前提下，显著地富有启迪性，或是很幽默，或是很古怪。从某种意义上，全字母句是漏字文（英语Lipogram）的对立物，因为后者在文章中有意不使用一个或几个特定字母。
目录 |
[编辑] 英语中的例子
- How razorback-jumping frogs can level six piqued gymnasts! (49个字母) (被Macintosh，System 7用于字体范例)
- Crazy Fredericka bought many very exquisite opal jewels. (48个字母)
- Sixty zippers were quickly picked from the woven jute bag. (48个字母)
- John Prady, give me a black walnut box of quite small size. (47个字母)
- Six big devils from Japan quickly forgot how to waltz. (44个字母)
- My girl wove six dozen plaid jackets before she quit. (43个字母)
- Cozy lummox gives smart squid who asks for job pen. (41个字母) (被Macintosh和较后期的System 7用于字体范例)
- Adjusting quiver and bow, Zompyc killed the fox.(39个字母)
- My faxed joke won a pager in the cable TV quiz show. (39个字母)
- The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. (35个字母) (被Windows用作范例文稿)
- The quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog. (33个字母)
- The jay, pig, fox, zebra and my wolves quack! (33个字母)
- Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs. (32个字母) (被Beagle Bros用于字体范例)
- Few quips galvanized the mock jury box. (32个字母)
- Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz. (31个字母) (被Windows XP用于在察看某些字体时的范例文稿)
- The five boxing wizards jump quickly. (31个字母)
- How quickly daft jumping zebras vex. (30个字母)
- Two driven jocks help fax my big quiz. (30个字母)
- Bright vixens jump; dozy fowl quack. (29个字母)
- Quick wafting zephyrs vex bold Jim. (29个字母)
- Quick zephyrs blow, vexing daft Jim. (29个字母)
- Sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow. (29个字母)
- Waltz, bad nymph, for quick jigs vex. (28个字母)
- Brick quiz whangs jumpy veldt fox. (28个字母)
依据2006年2月的杂志《单词之路：娱乐语言学之旅》（Word Ways: The Journal of Recreational Linguistics）中所说，被发现的自然存在于文学作品中的最短的全字母句（虽然不是整个句子）是在Lillie de Hagermann-Lindencrone于1912年写的书《在记忆的庭院中》（In the Courts of Memory）中。该句是“I sang, and thought I sang very well; but he just looked up into my face with a very quizzical expression, and said, ‘How long have been singing, Mademoiselle?’”，共56个字母。该杂志在2006年5月那一期中，又展示了在因特网上发现的47个字母的全字母句：“JoBlo's movie review of The Yards: Mark Wahlberg, Joaquin Phoenix, Charlize Theron...”。
[编辑] 完美的全字母句
每一个字母都只出现一次的全字母句就是完美的全字母句，这是全字母句游戏中难度最高的。若不使用晦涩的单词和专有名词则很难写出完美的全字母句，注意，要求一个最纯净的句子的人连用了词首大写字母都认为这不是全字母句。
- Blowzy night-frumps vex'd Jack Q.
- Glum Schwartzkopf vex'd by NJ IQ.
- New job: fix Mr. Gluck's hazy TV, PDQ!
- (包括5个标点符号)
- Squdgy fez, blank jimp crwth vox!
- 意为A short brimless felt hat barely blocks out the sound of a Celtic violin.（一顶短的、无边缘的毡帽只能封住凯尔特小提琴的声音） (克劳德·艾尔伍德·香农创造)
- Frowzy things plumb vex'd Jack Q.
- J. Q. Vandz struck my big fox whelp.
- Quartz glyph job vex'd cwm finks.
- Phlegms fyrd wuz qvint jackbox.
- Zing, vext cwm fly jabs Kurd qoph.
- Cwm fjord bank glyphs vext quiz.
- Jumbling vext frowzy hacks PDQ.
- Mr. Jock, TV Quiz Ph.D, bags few lynx.
- Veldt jynx grimps waqf zho buck.
- Junky qoph flags vext crwd zimb.
- Bcfhjmpqvxyz isn't a kluge word.
- Quack: XL VD zit grew of nymph's BJ
- Cwm fjord veg balks nth pyx quiz.
- 意为Relaxing in basins at the end of inlets puts an end to the test from the box.（结束了拳击测试，在水湾末端的盆中放松） (‘nth’不是缩写词)
[编辑] Self-enumerating pangrams
A self-enumerating pangram is one which describes exactly the number of letters it itself contains. Because changing the description changes the numbers of letters used in the description, the task of finding such a pangram is exceedingly complex.
This particularly interesting kind of pangram arose from some verbal horseplay between Douglas Hofstadter, an AI researcher and writer for Scientific American, Rudy Kousbroek, a Dutch linguist and essayist, and Lee Sallows, a British electronics engineer. Hofstadter posed the problem of sentences that describe themselves, prompting Sallows to devise the following:
Only the fool would take trouble to verify that his sentence was composed of ten a's, three b's, four c's, four d's, forty-six e's, sixteen f's, four g's, thirteen h's, fifteen i's, two k's, nine l's, four m's, twenty-five n's, twenty-four o's, five p's, sixteen r's, forty-one s's, thirty-seven t's, ten u's, eight v's, eight w's, four x's, eleven y's, twenty-seven commas, twenty-three apostrophes, seven hyphens and, last but not least, a single !. This, while interesting, is not a complete pangram as it lacks a j, q, and z. Kousbroek published a Dutch equivalent, which spurred Sallows, who lives in the Netherlands and reads the paper where Kousbroek writes his essays, to think harder about this problem in order to solve it more generally. Initial attempts to write a program for this came to naught, but, in 1984, he decided to construct a dedicated piece of hardware for this task, the Pangram Machine. This accepts a description of the initial sentence fragment, and tries to fill in the blanks. The result was later published in Scientific American in October of 1984, as follows:
This Pangram contains four a's, one b, two c's, one d, thirty e's, six f's, five g's, seven h's, eleven i's, one j, one k, two l's, two m's, eighteen n's, fifteen o's, two p's, one q, five r's, twenty-seven s's, eighteen t's, two u's, seven v's, eight w's, two x's, three y's, & one z. (Lee Sallows, 1984)[1]
[编辑] 其它语言中的全字母句
[编辑] 所有字母
- 保加利亚语
- Жълтата дюля беше щастлива, че пухът, който цъфна, замръзна като гьон.
- 意为The yellow quince was happy that the fluff, which bloomed, froze like sole-leather （黄色的榅桲树很高兴，因为的繁盛的软毛冻得像鞋底皮那样）
- Жълтата дюля беше щастлива, че пухът, който цъфна, замръзна като гьон.
- 加泰罗尼亚语
- (包含ç) Jove xef, porti whisky amb quinze glaçons d'hidrogen, coi!
- 意为Young chef, bring whisky with fifteen hydrogen ice cubes, damn! （年轻的厨师，拿来了15个氢的冰块，谴责他！）
- (包含ç) Jove xef, porti whisky amb quinze glaçons d'hidrogen, coi!
- 丹麦语
- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Walther spillede på xylofon
- 意为The quiz participants ate strawberries with cream while Walther the circus clown played the xylophone
- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Walther spillede på xylofon
- 德语
- Sexy qua lijf, doch bang voor 't zwempak
- 意为Sexy of body, though scared of the swimsuit
- Pa's wijze lynx bezag vroom het fikse aquaduct
- 意为Dad's wise lynx piously observed the sturdy aqueduct.
- 一些其它的句子："Filmquiz bracht knappe ex-yogi van de wijs", "Max boft: z'n vrouw is qua type degelijk", "Lex bederft Uw quiz met typisch vakjargon", "Zwicht exquis blondje, gap vijf mark", "Z'n dom exquis wijfje bracht vlug kip.", "Sexy dame bezorgt chique volkje fijne wip".
- Sexy qua lijf, doch bang voor 't zwempak
- 世界语
- Laŭ Ludoviko Zamenhof bongustas freŝa ĉeĥa manĝaĵo kun spicoj.
- 意为According to Ludwig Zamenhof, fresh Czech food with spices tastes good.
- Laŭ Ludoviko Zamenhof bongustas freŝa ĉeĥa manĝaĵo kun spicoj.
- 芬兰语
- （完美的全字母句不含只在外语或外语借词中出现的字母（b, c, f, q, w, x, z, å））：Törkylempijä vongahdus
- 意为Excessive lover, a wooing.
- （完美的全字母句不含只在外语或外语借词中出现的字母（b, c, f, q, w, x, z, å））：Törkylempijä vongahdus
- 法语
- Portez ce whisky au vieux juge blond qui fume
- 意为Go take this whisky to the old blond judge who is smoking
- （含变音符号）：Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ
- 意为His heart disappointed, but his soul more naive, Louÿs dreamt of doing the nasty in a canoe beyond the isles, close to the maelstrom where the novas burn
- Bâchez la queue du wagon-taxi avec les pyjamas du fakir
- 意为Tarpolin-up the taxi-railcar tail with the fakir’s pajamas
- Portez ce whisky au vieux juge blond qui fume
- 盖尔语
- D'fhuascail íosa, Úrmhac na hóighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus adhaimh
- 德语
- （无变音符和ß）：Sylvia wagt quick den Jux bei Pforzheim
- 意为Sylvia dares quickly the joke at Pforzheim
- (无变音符和ß): Franz jagt im komplett verwahrlosten Taxi quer durch Bayern
- 意为Franz chases in the completely shabby cab straight through Bavaria
- (有变音符和ß): Victor jagt zwölf Boxkämpfer quer über den großen Sylter Deich
- 意为Victor chases twelve box fighters across the great dam of Sylt
- (有变音符和ß，每个字母只出现一次): "Fix, Schwyz!" quäkt Jürgen blöd vom Paß
- 意为"Quick, Schwyz!" Jürgen squawks zanily from the pass
- "Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg" (KDE使用)
- （无变音符和ß）：Sylvia wagt quick den Jux bei Pforzheim
- 希腊语
- Ξεσκεπάζω την ψυχοφθόρα βδελυγμία.
- 意为I uncover the soul-destroying abhorrence.
- Ξεσκεπάζω την ψυχοφθόρα βδελυγμία.
- 希伯来语
- דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא חברה
- 意为A curious fish sailed the sea disappointedly, and suddenly found himself a girlfriend
- או הנסה אלהים, לבוא לקחת לו גוי מקרב גוי, במסת באתת ובמופתים ובמלחמה וביד חזקה ובזרוע נטויה, ובמוראים גדלים: ככל אשר-עשה לכם יהוה אלהיכם, במצרים--לעיניך(申命记 4:34)
- לכן חכו לי נאם יהוה ליום קומי לעד, כי משפטי לאסף גוים לקבצי ממלכות, לשפך עליהם זעמי כל חרון אפי, כי באש קנאתי תאכל כל הארץ (西番雅書 3:8 - the only verse in the Hebrew Bible that contains all medial forms of the letters plus all final forms)
- (每个字母只出现一次) שפן אכל קצת גזר בטעם חסה, ודי.
- 意为A rabbit ate some lettuce flavored carrot and that's it
- דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא חברה
- 冰岛语
- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa
- 意为If a new axe were here, thieves would feel increasing deterrence and punishment.
- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa
- 意大利语
- "Quel fez sghembo copre davanti"
- 意为That slanted fez covers the front (without the foreign letters j, k, w, x, and y)
- "Ma la volpe col suo balzo ha raggiunto il quieto Fido"
- 意为But the fox with his leap has reached the quiet Fido (without foreign letters)
- "Quel vituperabile xenofobo zelante assaggia il whisky ed esclama: alleluja!"
- 意为That blameworthy and zealous xenophobe tastes his whisky and says: Alleluja!
- "Quel fez sghembo copre davanti"
- 日语
- 韩语
- 키스의 고유조건은 입술끼리 만나야 하고 특별한 기술은 필요치 않다.
- 意为The essential condition for kiss is that lips meet and there is no special technique required.
- 키스의 고유조건은 입술끼리 만나야 하고 특별한 기술은 필요치 않다.
- 立陶宛语
- Įlinkdama fechtuotojo špaga sublykčiojusi pragręžė apvalų arbūzą
- 意为Incurving fencer sword sparkled and perforated a round watermelon
- Įlinkdama fechtuotojo špaga sublykčiojusi pragręžė apvalų arbūzą
- 逻辑语
- .o'i mu xagji sofybakni cu zvati le purdi
- 意为Watch out, five hungry Soviet-cows are in the garden!
- .o'i mu xagji sofybakni cu zvati le purdi
- 挪威语
- Vår sære Zulu fra badeøya spilte jo whist og quickstep i min taxi.
- 意为Our strange Zule from the bathing Island did actually play whist and quickstep in my cab.
- Høvdingens kjære squaw får litt pizza i Mexico by
- 意为The chief's dear squaw gets a little pizza in Mexico City
- Vår sære Zulu fra badeøya spilte jo whist og quickstep i min taxi.
- 波兰语
- (每个字母都只用一次) Pójdźże, kiń tę chmurność w głąb flaszy!
- 意为Come on, drop your sadness into the depth of a bottle!
- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig.
- 意为Push into that boat a hedgehog or eight boxes of figs.
- (每个字母都只用一次) Mężny bądź, chroń pułk twój i sześć flag.
- 意为Be brave, protect your regiment and six flags.
- (每个字母都只用一次) Pójdźże, kiń tę chmurność w głąb flaszy!
- 葡萄牙语
- (不含变音符号) Um pequeno jabuti xereta viu dez cegonhas felizes.
- 意为A curious little tortoise saw ten happy storks.
- (不含变音符号) Gazeta publica hoje no jornal uma breve nota de faxina na quermesse.
- 意为The journalists publish today at the newspaper a short note about the cleaning at the kirmiss.
- À noite, vovô Kowalsky vê o ímã cair no pé do pingüim queixoso e vovó põe açúcar no chá de tâmaras do jabuti feliz.
- 意为At night, grandpa Kowalsky sees the magnet falling in the complaining penguin's foot and grandma puts sugar in the happy tortoise's date tea.
- Luís argüia à Júlia que «brações, fé, chá, óxido, pôr, zângão» eram palavras do português.
- 意为Luís argued to Júlia that “big arms, faith, tea, oxide, to put, bee” were Portuguese words.
- (不含变音符号) Um pequeno jabuti xereta viu dez cegonhas felizes.
- 罗马尼亚语
- Gheorghe, obezul, a reuşit să obţină jucându-se un flux în Quebec de o mie kilowaţioră.
- George, the obese, managed to obtain by playing a flux in Quebec of a thousand Kilowatthours
- Gheorghe, obezul, a reuşit să obţină jucându-se un flux în Quebec de o mie kilowaţioră.
- 俄语
- (不含ъ) В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр!
- 意为Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!
- (Using quasiobsolete spelling for last word to include ъ) В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляръ!
- 意义与上一句一样
- (每个字母只出现一次) Эх, чужак! Общий съём цен шляп (юфть) — вдрызг!
- 意为Eh, alien! The general takings from prices of hats (made from a thick leather) are absolutely crashed!
- (每个字母只出现一次) Экс-граф? Плюш изъят. Бьём чуждый цен хвощ!
- 意为Ex-count? Plush is confiscated. Fight against the horsetail that is alien to prices!
- (每个字母只出现一次) Эй, жлоб! Где туз? Прячь юных съёмщиц в шкаф.
- 意为Hey, chuff! Where is ace? Hide young lessee-girls into closet.
- (微软将这句话用在fontview.exe字体预览文件上，用于显示西里尔字母（不包括же）) Съешь ещё этих мягких французских булок, да выпей же чаю.
- 意为Eat more of these soft French loaves and drink tea.
- (不含ъ) В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр!
- 塞尔维亚语
- Љубазни фењерџија чађавог лица хоће да ми покаже штос.
- Ljubazni fenjerdžija čađavog lica hoće da mi pokaže štos.
- 意为A kind lamplighter with grimy face wants to show me a stunt.
- 斯洛文尼亚语
- Šerif bo za vajo spet kuhal domače žgance
- 意为For an exercise, sheriff will again make home-made mush
- Piškur molče grabi fižol z dna cezijeve hoste
- 意为Lambry silently grasps beans from the bottom of cezij forest
- Šerif bo za vajo spet kuhal domače žgance
- 西班牙语
- (含ñ和变音符号) El veloz murciélago hindú comía feliz cardillo y kiwi. La cigüeña tocaba el saxofón detrás del palenque de paja. (Used in Windows as sample text)
- 意为The quick Hindu bat ate happy golden thistle and kiwi. The stork played the saxophone behind the straw arena.
- (含ñ, ll和rr) El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro.
- 意为The penguin Wenceslao did kilometres under exhaustive rain and cold, longing for its dear cub.
- Jovencillo emponzoñado de whisky: ¡qué figurota exhibe!
- 意为Whisky-intoxicated youngster - what a figure you're showing!
- Ese libro explica en su epígrafe las hazañas y aventuras de Don Quijote de la Mancha en Kuwait.
- 意为That book explains in its epigraph the deeds and adventures of Don Quijote de la Mancha in Kuwait.
- Queda gazpacho, fibra, látex, jamón, kiwi y viñas.
- 意为There is still gazpacho, fibre, latex, ham, kiwi and vineyards.
- Whisky bueno: ¡excitad mi frágil pequeña vejez!
- 意为Good whisky, excite my frail, little old age!
- (含ñ和变音符号) El veloz murciélago hindú comía feliz cardillo y kiwi. La cigüeña tocaba el saxofón detrás del palenque de paja. (Used in Windows as sample text)
- 瑞典语
- (不含q, x和z) Flygande bäckasiner söka hwila på mjuka tuvor.
- 意为Flying snipes seek rest on soft tufts [of grass].
- (每个字母只出现一次) Yxskaftbud, ge vår wczonmö iqhjälp.
- 意为Axe handle messenger, give our WC zone maiden IQ help.
- (不含q, x和z) Flygande bäckasiner söka hwila på mjuka tuvor.
- 泰语
- เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋า น่าฟังเอยฯ
- 意为Humans are worth and more superb than any kind of animals. Do develop yourself in academic matter. Do not destroy or kill anyone. Do not be angry or execrate anyone. Do forgive like the game spirit. Do behave under morals and rules. Do politely confer with others. (这些词语为The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King所特有)
- เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋า น่าฟังเอยฯ
[编辑] 只含有全部带变音符号字母的句子
有时候，人们尝试写出含有一门语言中全部带变音符号字母的句子。
- 捷克语: Příliš žluťoučký kůň úpěl ďábelské ódy (意为"too yellow horse screamed devillish odas")
- 世界语: Eĥoŝanĝo ĉiuĵaŭde (意为"echo change every Thursday")
- 德语: Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (意为"fuel oil recoil absorber")
- 匈牙利语: árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (意为"flood-proof mirror-drilling machine")
- 冰岛语: Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (意为"Sævör cried earlier because the jacket was ruined")
- 波兰语: Zażółć gęślą jaźń (意为"make your self yellow with a fiddle")
- 土耳其语: Şişli'de büyük çöp yığınları (意为"Large amounts of garbage in Şişli")
[编辑] 表意文字体系
[编辑] 全字母句的应用
全字母句有很多用途，而不仅仅是游戏。例如，全字母句“The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog”被Western Union发展起来用于测试Telex/TWX数据通讯设备的精确性和可靠性。还有，像lorem ipsum，全字母句还被用于显示字体。
[编辑] 处理应用
全字母句经常被用于测试新字体和打印机。因为，每个字母都会在句中出现。它也可以像lorem ipsum那样用于a simple text substitution。
