Timeline of Zionism
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- See also: Timeline of Jewish history
This is a partial timeline of Zionism in the modern era, since the end of the 18th century.
- 1777
- Menachem Mendel of Vitebsk along with a large group of followers emigrates and settles in Safed. In 1783 they were forced out of Safed, and moved to Tiberias.
- 1808
- The first group of Perushim, influenced by the teachings of the Vilna Gaon, leaves Shklov and after a 15-month journey settles in Jerusalem and Safed.
- 1839
- Judah Alkalai publishes his pamphlet Darhei No'am (The Pleasant Paths) advocating the restoration of the Jews in the Land of Israel, followed in 1840 by Shalom Yerushalayim (The Peace of Jerusalem).
- 1844
- Mordecai Noah publishes Discourse on the Restoration of the Jews.
- 1844
- The Old Yishuv Jews constitute the largest of several ethno-religious groups in Jerusalem. See Demographics of Jerusalem.
- 1861
- The Zion Society is formed in Frankfurt, Germany.
- 1861
- Mishkenot Sha’ananim : first neighborhood outside the Old City of Jerusalem, built by Sir Moses Montefiore.
- 1862
- Moses Hess writes Rome and Jerusalem; The Last National Question arguing for the Jews to return to the Land of Israel, and proposes a socialist country in which the Jews would become agrarianised through a process of "redemption of the soil". His ideas later evolved into the Labor Zionism movement.
- 1862
- Zvi Hirsch Kalischer publishes Derishat Zion, maintains that the salvation of the Jews, promised by the Prophets, can come about only by self-help. His ideas contributed to the Religious Zionism movement.
- 1870
- Mikveh Israel, the first modern Jewish agricultural school and settlement was established in the Land of Israel by Carl Netter of the Alliance Israélite Universelle.
- 1870-1890
- The group Hovevei Zion (Lovers of Zion) sets up 30 Jewish farming communities in the Land of Israel.
- 1878
- Galician poet Naphtali Herz Imber writes a poem Tikvatenu (Our Hope), later adopted as the Zionist hymn Hatikvah.
- 1878
- Petah Tikva is founded by Jerusalem Jews, but abandoned after difficulties. Resettled in 1882 with help from first aliyah.
- 1881-1884
- Pogroms in the Russian Empire kill tens of thousands of Jews and motivate hundreds of thousands of Jews to flee.
- 1881-1920
- Over two million of the Russian Jews emigrate. Most go to the US, others elsewhere, some to the Land of Israel. The first group of Biluim organize in Kharkov.
- 1881
- Eliezer ben Yehuda makes aliyah and leads efforts to revive Hebrew as a common spoken language.
- 1882 January 1
- Leon Pinsker publishes pamphlet Autoemancipation urging the Jewish people to strive for independence and national consciousness.
- 1882
- Baron Edmond James de Rothschild begins buying land in the region of Palestine and financing Jewish agricultural settlements and industrial enterprises.
- 1882-1903
- The First aliyah, major wave of Jewish immigration to the Land of Israel.
- 1882
- Rishon LeZion, Rosh Pinna, Zikhron Ya'aqov are founded.
- 1890
- Austrian publisher Nathan Birnbaum coins the term Zionism for Jewish nationalism in his journal Self Emancipation.
- 1890
- The Russian Tsarist government approves the establishment of "The Society for the Support of Jewish Farmers and Artisans in Syria and Eretz-Israel," a charity organization which came to be known as "The Odessa Committee."
- 1894
- The Dreyfus affair makes the problem of antisemitism prominent in Western Europe.
- 1896
- Theodor Herzl writes Der Judenstaat (The State of Jews) advocating the creation of a Jewish state.
- 1896-1904
- Herzl unsuccessfully approaches world leaders for assistance in the creation of a Jewish National Home.
- 1897
- The Zionist Organization of America (ZOA) is founded.
- 1897
- The First Zionist Congress in Basel, Switzerland, urges "a publicly and legally assured home in Palestine" for Jews and establishes the World Zionist Organization (WZO).
- 1901
- Fifth Zionist Congress establishes the Jewish National Fund.
- 1902
- Herzl publishes the novel Altneuland (The Old New Land), which takes place in Palestine.
- 1903-1906
- More pogroms in Russian Empire
- 1903
- Controversial Uganda Proposal for settlement in East Africa splits the 6th Zionist Congress. A committee is created to look into it.
- 1904-1914
- The Second aliyah.
- 1909
- Tel Aviv is founded on sand dunes near Jaffa.
- 1917 August
- The formation of the Jewish Legion (Zion Mule Corps), initiated in 1914 by Joseph Trumpeldor and Zeev Jabotinsky.
- 1917
- The British Army gains control of Palestine as the Ottoman Empire collapses in World War I.
- 1917 November 2
- The British government issues the Balfour Declaration, lending support for "the establishment in Palestine for a national home for the Jewish people".
- 1918-1920
- More pogroms during Russian Civil War
- 1919-1923
- The Third aliyah.
- 1920
- The Sanremo conference of the Allied Supreme Council in Italy offers a Mandate for Palestine to Great Britain.
- 1920
- Histadrut, Haganah, Vaad Leumi are founded.
- 1921
- Chaim Weizmann becomes new President of the WZO at the 12th Zionist Congress (the first since World War I).
- 1921
- Autonomy is given to Transjordan under Crown Prince Abdullah. Jewish settlement is outlawed there.
- 1922
- The text from the Sanremo conference is confirmed by the League of Nations.
- 1923
- Britain gives the Golan Heights to the French Mandate of Syria.
- 1923
- Jabotinsky establishes the revisionist party Hatzohar and its youth movement, Betar.
- 1924-1928
- The Fourth aliyah.
- 1932-1939
- The Fifth aliyah.
- 1933-1948
- Aliyah Bet: Jewish refugees flee Germany because of persecution under the Nazi government but are turned away because of the British-imposed limit.
- 1936
- The British propose a partition between Jewish and Arab areas. It is accepted by the Zionists, but rejected by the Arab parties (See Jewish Defense Organizations).
- 1936-1939
- Great Uprising by Arabs against British rule and Jewish immigration.
- 1939
- The British government issues the White Paper of 1939 setting an absolute limit of 75,000 on future Jewish immigration to Palestine (See The White Paper).
- 1947 November 29
- The United Nations approves partition of Palestine into Jewish and Arab states. It is accepted by the Jews, but rejected by the Arab leaders (See [1] [2]).
- 1947 November 30
- guerrilla war starts between Jewish forces, centered around the Haganah and Palestinian Arab forces.
- 1948
- Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, May 14, 1948
- 1948 May 15
- Five neighboring Arab countries invade, and the 1948 Arab-Israeli war ensues.
- 1975
- The United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379 equates Zionism with racism.
- 1991
- The UN GA resolution 3379 is revoked by Resolution 4686.
[edit] See also
[edit] External Reference
- Resources > Timelines The Jewish History Resource Center, Project of the Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- A Timeline of Zionism, Modern Israel and the Conflict
