Superior frontal gyrus
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Brain: Superior frontal gyrus | ||
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| Superior frontal gyrus of the human brain. | ||
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| Coronal section through anterior cornua of lateral ventricles. | ||
| Gray's | subject #189 821 | |
| NeuroNames | hier-65 | |
The superior frontal gyrus makes up about one-third of the frontal lobe of the human brain. (A gyrus is one of the prominent "bumps" or "ridges" on the surface of the human brain.)
The superior frontal gyrus, like the inferior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus, is more of a region than a true gyrus.
The borders of the middle frontal gyrus are the superior frontal sulcus below; the medial longitudinal fissure along the midline of the brain; and the precentral sulcus behind.
In fMRI experiments, Goldberg et al. (Neuron vol 50, p 329 [1]) have found evidence that the superior frontal gyrus is involved in self-awareness, in coordination with the action of the sensory system.
[edit] The superior frongal gyrus and laughter
In 1998, Neurosurgeon Itzak Fried described a 16 year old female patient (referred to as "patient AK") who laughed when her SFG was stimulated with electric current during treatment for epilepsy. Electrical stimulation was applied to the cortical surface of AK's left frontal lobe while an attempt was made to locate the focus of her epileptic seizures (which were never accompanied by laughter).
Fried identified a 2 cm by 2 cm area on the left SFG where stimulation produced laughter consistently (over several trials). AK reported that the laughter was accompanied by a sensation of merriment or mirth. AK gave a different explanation for the laughter each time, attributing it to an (unfunny) external stimulus. Thus, laughter was attributed to the picture she was asked to name (saying "the horse is funny"), or to the sentence she was asked to read, or to persons present in the room ("you guys are just so funny... standing around").
Increasing the level of stimulation current increased the duration and intensity of laughter. For example, at low currents only a smile was present, while at higher currents a louder, contagious laughter was induced. The laughter was also accompanied by the stopping of all activities involving speech or hand movements.
[edit] External links
[edit] References
- Neuron, Volume 50, Issue 2, Pages 329-339; Ilan I. Goldberg, Michal Harel and Rafael Malach
- Nature 391, 650 (12 February 1998); DOI:10.1038/35536
