Sud Aviation Vautour

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The Sud Aviation (SNCASO) S.O. 4050 Vautour II was a French bomber, interceptor, and attack aircraft used by the Armée de l'Air (AdA). Later, thirty-one of these aircrafts were used by the Israeli Heyl Ha'Avir. Vautour is the French word for the vulture bird of prey.

1 History
2 Description and Variants
3 Production
4 Specifications (Vautour IIA)
5 Operators
6 External links
7 See also
8 Related content

[edit] History

In June 1951 the French Armée de l'Air issued a requirement for a jet aircraft capable of acting as a bomber, a low-level attack aircraft, or an all-weather interceptor. SNCASO adapted its existing S.O. 4000 for this purpose, the first prototype S.O. 4050 making its initial flight on 16 October 1952. On 30 June 1953 it became the first European aircraft to exceed the speed of sound (in a shallow dive).

Subsequently named Vautour II, the aircraft was built in three versions. It entered service with the AdA in 1958, with the last French aircraft leaving frontline service in 1979. A few soldiered on in various duties into the early 1980s. The Vautour saw no combat in French service, but it was maligned as obsolescent and underpowered. Although a decent aircraft in its day, it never had engines sufficient to its weight. As an interceptor it was outclassed by the Dassault Mirage III, and as a bomber or attack aircraft its lack of an advanced navigation/attack system was a crippling limitation in the bomber role.

The only export customer for the Vautour was Israel, which purchased 31 for the IDF/AF. The Israeli Vautours also entered service in 1958. They saw combat against Egypt beginning the following year and in a series of skirmishes through the Six Day War and War of Attrition. 17 Vautours were lost in all, although two were later returned to service. They were retired in 1971 in favor of the A-4 Skyhawk, and the last aircraft left service in March 1972, serving as decoys in the Sinai. The Israelis were pleased with the Vautour's range and versatility, and it was well regarded in Israeli service.

[edit] Description and Variants

The Vautour was a shoulder-wing monoplane with a 35° swept wing and a "flying" tail. Two SNECMA Atar 101 turbojet engines were carried in pods in the wings. It had bicycle-type landing gear, with the main units in the fore and aft fuselage and smaller stabilizing gear in the engine pods. The central fuselage carried a large 5.0 meter (16 ft 5 in) weapons bay and substantial internal fuel tankage.

The Vautour was produced in three principal variants, which had 90% commonality between them:

IIA: Single-seat, long-range attack aircraft, armed with cannon and bombs (carried internally or on four underwing pylons)
IIN: Two-seat, all-weather interceptor with DRAC-25AI or DRAC-32AI radar in nose, pilot and co-pilot in tandem seats, armed with cannon, air-to-air missiles, and (theoretically) unguided rockets. The designation was later changed to II-N.
IIB: Two-seat bomber with glazed nose position for bombardier/observer replacing cannon pack, carrying bombs internally and on underwing pylons.

Some aircraft were converted to various specialized roles, principally reconnaissance (IIBR and IIBN), ECM, and eventually target tug (IIB-TT).

The IIB bomber lacked radar or any other modern nav/attack systems, weapons being aimed by the bombardier in a glass nose section with a World War II-vintage Norden bombsight. Both the IIB and IIA were limited to clear-weather day use. The IIN interceptor had some capacity for night and adverse weather thanks to its radar. In Israeli service, where the weather was generally favorable and daylight missions commonplace, the Vautour's lack of advanced targeting and navigation equipment was not a crippling limitation, but in Europe it was considered a major disadvantage. As a result, the French AdA did not use the single-seat IIA in a frontline capacity, and most IIB bombers were converted to IIBR standard for photo recce work. Some reports suggest French IIB could carry a single AN-11 or AN-22 nuclear weapon in its internal weapons bay, although the primary carrier of those weapons was the Dassault Mirage IV.

[edit] Production

Total production was 149 aircraft, divided as follows:

Prototypes: 3
Pre-production: 6
IIA: 30 (13 for France, 17 for Israel)
IIB: 40 (36 for France, 4 for Israel)
IIN: 70 (63 for France, 7 for Israel)

[edit] Specifications (Vautour IIA)

General characteristics

Crew: One
Length: 15.57 m (51 ft 1 in)
Wingspan: 15.10 m (49 ft 6.5 in)
Height: 4.94 m (16 ft 2.5 in)
Wing area: 45 m² (484 ft²)
Empty weight: 10,000 kg (22,000 lb)
Loaded weight: 17,500 kg (38,600 lb)
Max takeoff weight: 21,000 kg (46,300 lb)
Powerplant: 2× SNECMA Atar 101E-3 turbojets, 34.3 kN (7,710 lbf)) each

Performance

Maximum speed: Mach 0.9, 1,100 km/h (687 mph) at sea level
Range: 5,400 km (3,375 mi)
Service ceiling: 15,200 m (50,000 ft)
Rate of climb: 60 m/s (11,820 ft/min)
Wing loading: 403 kg/m² (82.6 lb/ft²)
Thrust/weight: 0.4

Armament

4x 30mm DEFA cannons with 100 rounds per gun
Internal weapons bay for maximum of 2,725 kg (6,000 lb) of bombs (typically six 450 kg (1,000 lb) bombs), pack of 116x 68 mm (2.7 in) rockets, camera pack, or two 1,500 liter (400 U.S. gal) fuel tanks
Four underwing pylons each rated at 1,500 kg (3,300 lb) (inboard) and 500 kg (1,100 lb) (outboard) for total external load of 4,000 kg (8,800 lb); maximum practical weapons load (internal and external) 4,400 kg (9,700 lb) of bombs, rockets, missiles, or napalm tanks