Selsoviet
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"Rural council" redirects here. For British councils, see Rural Community Council.
Selsoviet or selsovet (Russian: сельсове́т, short for се́льский сове́т), lit. rural soviet, was the lowest level administrative subdivision in rural areas in the Soviet Union. It was preserved in most of Russia. A selsoviet is an administrative division of a raion (district).
Larger settlements, both rural and urban-type had settlement councils (поселко́вые сове́ты), which were of the same administrative level as selsoviets.
Indication of the selsoviet was part of a rural postal address (notice the "upside-down" order of routing); for example:
- БССР (Byelorussian SSR),
- Могилевская область (Mogilev oblast),
- Климовичский район (Klimovichi raion),
- Савиничский сельсовет (Savinichi selsoviet),
- д. Городешня (Gorodeshnya village)
- ул. Ленинская (Lenin Street) (existed in virtually any sufficiently large settlement)
- Смычкову Дмитрию (for Smychkov Dmitry) (quite often there were no street numbers)
The name coincides with the name of the local rural self-administration, Rural Soviet, a part of the Soviet system of administration. A selsoviet was headed by the Chairman of Selsoviet (председатель сельсовета).
Formally, a selsoviet was to be elected by a Rural Meeting (се́льский сход). However, the Chairman of the Selsoviet had to be appointed by higher administration.
For a considerable period of Soviet history passports of rural residents were stored in selsoviet offices, and people could not move outside their area of residence without the permission of selsoviet.
[edit] Selsoviets in the Russian Federation
Subdivision into selsoviets largely remained after the collapse of the Soviet Union. However, in many Russian federal subjects the terminology changed to reflect local specifics:
- Local administrations (ме́стные администра́ции, mestnyye administratsii)
- Republic of Karelia: used together with rural administrations (see below), rural settlement councils (see below), and volost administrations (see below)
- Naslegs (насле́ги, naslegi)
- Okrugs (округа́, okruga)
- Samara Oblast: used together with rural administrations (see below), selsovets, and volosts (see below)
- Saratov Oblast
- Rural administrations (се́льские администра́ции, selskiye administratsii)
- Altai Krai: used together with selsovets
- Chita Oblast: used together with rural municipal entities (see below), rural okrugs (see below), rural settlements (see below), and selsovets
- Chuvash Republic: used together with selsovets
- Irkutsk Oblast
- Republic of Karelia: used together with local administrations (see above), rural settlement councils (see below), and volost administrations (see below)
- Khabarovsk Krai
- Primorsky Krai
- Sakhalin Oblast: used together with rural okrugs (see below), rural territorial entities (see below), and selsovets
- Samara Oblast: used together with okrugs (see above), selsovets, and volosts (see below)
- Tula Oblast: used together with rural okrugs (see below), rural territories (see below), and volosts (see below)
- Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug
- Rural municipal entities (се́льские муниципа́льные образова́ния, selskiye munitsipalnyye obrazovaniya)
- Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug
- Chita Oblast: used together with rural administrations (see above), rural okrugs (see below), rural settlements (see below), and selsovets
- Republic of Kalmykia
- Karachay-Cherkess Republic
- Rural okrugs (се́льские округа́, selskiye okruga)
- Republic of Adygea
- Belgorod Oblast
- Chita Oblast: used together with rural administrations (see above), rural municipal entities (see above), rural settlements (see below), and selsovets
- Jewish Autonomous Oblast
- Kaliningrad Oblast
- Kaluga Oblast: used together with selsovets and territorial okrugs (see below)
- Kamchatka Oblast
- Kirov Oblast
- Krasnodar Krai: used together with selsovets and stanitsa okrugs (see below)
- Omsk Oblast
- Ryazan Oblast
- Sakhalin Oblast: used together with rural administrations (see above), rural territorial entities (see below), and selsovets
- Smolensk Oblast
- Tomsk Oblast: used together with rural territorial administrations (see below), rural territorial okrugs (see below), selsovets, and territorial okrugs (see below)
- Tula Oblast: used together with rural administrations (see above), rural territories (see below), and volosts (see below)
- Tver Oblast: used together with selsovets
- Vladimir Oblast
- Yaroslavl Oblast
- Rural representations (се́льские представи́тельства, selskiye predstavitelstva)
- Murmansk Oblast: used together with rural territorial okrugs (see below)
- (Rural) settlement councils (поселко́вые сове́ты, poselkovyye sovety)
- Republic of Karelia: used together with local administrations (see above), rural administrations (see above), and volost administrations (see below)
- Orenburg Oblast: used together with selsovets
- Udmurt Republic: used together with selsovets
- Vologda Oblast: used together with selsovets
- Rural settlements (се́льские поселе́ния, selskiye poseleniya)
- Chita Oblast: used together with rural administrations (see above), rural municipal entities (see above), rural okrugs (see above), and selsovets
- Rural settlements administrations (администра́ции се́льских поселе́ний, administratsii selskikh poseleniy)
- Rural territorial administrations (се́льские территориа́льные управле́ния, selskiye territorialnyye upravleniya)
- Tomsk Oblast: used together with rural okrugs (see above), rural territorial okrugs (see below), selsovets, and territorial okrugs (see below)
- Rural territorial entities (се́льские территориа́льные образова́ния, selskiye territorialnyye obrazovaniya)
- Sakhalin Oblast: used together with rural administrations (see above), rural okrugs (see above), and selsovets
- Rural territorial okrugs (се́льские территориа́льные округа́, selskiye territorialnyye okruga)
- Murmansk Oblast: used together with rural representations (see above)
- Tomsk Oblast: used together with rural okrugs (see above), rural territorial administrations (see above), selsovets, and territorial okrugs (see below)
- Rural territories (се́льские террито́рии), selskiye territorii)
- Tula Oblast: used together with rural administrations (see above), rural okrugs (see above), and volosts (see below)
- Somons (сомо́ны, somony)
- Buryat Republic: used together with selsovets; somons cover areas which are more ethnic in population.
- Stanitsa okrugs (станичные округа, stanichnyye okruga)
- Krasnodar Krai: used together with rural okrugs (see above) and selsovets
- Sumons (сумо́ны, sumony)
- Territorial okrugs (территориальные округа, territorialnyye okruga)
- Kaluga Oblast: used together with rural okrugs (see above) and selsovets
- Tomsk Oblast: used together with rural okrugs (see above), rural territorial administrations (see above), rural territorial okrugs (see above), and selsovets
- Volost administrations (волостны́е управле́ния, volostnyye upravleniya)
- Republic of Karelia: used together with local administrations (see above), rural administrations (see above), and rural settlement councils (see above)
- Volosts (во́лости, volosti)
- Leningrad Oblast
- Pskov Oblast
- Samara Oblast: used together with okrugs (see above), rural administrations (see above), and selsovets
- Tula Oblast: used together with rural administrations (see above), rural okrugs (see above), and rural territories (see above)
In modern Russia, local self-administration is not included into the governmental system of the state. Each subnational entity of the Russian Federation has its own statute that defines the scope of local self-administration, including selsoviets (if applicable).
gmina · guberniya · krai · kraj · obshchina · opština · općina · oblast · oblast' · okres · okrug · okręg · pogost · powiat · raion · selsoviet · uyezd · voivodeship · volost
Historical terms in italics