GIS

De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă

Este un sistem de informaţii geografice, denumirea sa provine din limba engleză: Geographical Information System. Acest sistem se foloseşte pentru a crea, stoca a analiza şi prelucra informaţii provenite din spaţiu printr-un proces computerizat. Tehnologia GIS poate fi utilizată în diverse domenii ştiinţifice cum ar fi: managementul resurselor, studii de impact asupra mediului, cartografie, planificarea rutelor.

Specific unui GIS este modul de organizare a bazei de date. Există două baze de date: una pentru a stoca repartiţia spaţială a elementelor geografice (printr-un sistem de coordonate x, y) şi alta pentru a stoca atributele acestor elemente (de ex. pentru o şosea lungimea ei, lăţimea, numărul benzilor, materialul de construcţie etc.).

Există mai multe modalităţi de a reprezenta datele geografice: raster şi vectorial. Există programe de tip GIS care lucrează doar raster sau doar vectorial, deşi cele mai multe se descurcă cu ambele tipuri de formate.

[modifică] Bibliografie

• Berry, J.K. (1993) Beyond Mapping: Concepts, Algorithms and Issues in GIS. Fort Collins, CO: GIS World Books.
• Bolstad, P. (2005) GIS Fundamentals: A first text on Geographic Information Systems, Second Edition. White Bear Lake, MN: Eider Press, 543 pp.
• Burrough, P.A. and McDonnell, R.A. (1998) Principles of geographical information systems. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 327 pp. [1]
• Chang, K.S. (2005) Introduction to Geographic Information System, 3rd Edition. McGraw Hill.
• Heywood, I., Cornelius, S., and Carver, S. (2002) An Introduction to Geographical Information Systems. Addison Wesley Longman. 2nd edition.
• Longley, P.A., Goodchild, M.F., Maguire, D.J. and Rhind, D.W. (2005) Geographic Information Systems and Science. Chichester: Wiley. 2nd edition.[2]
• Thurston, J., Poiker, T.K. and J. Patrick Moore. (2003) Integrated Geospatial Technologies: A Guide to GPS, GIS, and Data Logging. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley. [3]
• Wise, S. (2002) GIS Basics. London: Taylor & Francis.
• Worboys, Michael, and Matt Duckham. (2004) GIS: a computing perspective. Boca Raton: CRC Press. [4]
• Wheatley, David and Gillings, Mark (2002) Spatial Technology and Archaeology. The Archaeological Application of GIS. London, New York, Taylor & Francis.

[modifică] Legături externe

• Axios Engineering Axios Engineering - Saptial Data Infraestructure Development.
• Maplibrary, offering GIS-data for Africa and a (free) tutorial on GIS
• For public geodata campaign.
• British Columbia Land and Resource Data Warehouse links to several sources of spatial data.
• BC mapsWeb mapping applications for the government of British Columbia.
• ClearMaps.comLinks to the GIS industry.
• Coweeta LTER GISGIS for the southern Appalachians.
• ConnoteaConnotea links for GIS and Google Earth.
• Digital Maps 100s of royalty-free editable Illustrator and PDF maps.
• Directions Magazine — GIS industry news, events, discussion, etc.
• GIS Post — Latest Publications on GIS/RS, news, jobs and research.
• Engineering Systems White Paper Zone — GIS Technical Papers on Planning, Implementing and Maintaining GIS Solutions.
• Environmental Systems Research Institute's website for GIS software
• Federal Geographic Data Committee — United States federal government standards agency
• Free GIS Group — An Open Source GIS Hub for Everyone to participate
• Freegis.org software overview on Free Geographic Information Systems and communication on developments, plans, infos on Free GIS Software and Free Geo-Data
• FreeGISBook — WiKi project to develop a community based book and documents on free GIS programs and open standards.
• Geoconnexion Int'l Magazine — Geoinformation Serving the World
• Geocode America: US Address Geocoding. Java/.NET/Ruby sample SOAP/REST APIs. Free for non-commercial use
• Geocode Multiple Addresses — Free batch geocoder for U.S. and Canada, works on tabular data sources.
• GE Energy — GE Energy's Geospatial Asset Management
• Geoplace — free source of GIS Industry information
• Giiki Wiki GIS — English-language wiki for Geographic Information Systems and amateur imagery/IMINT.
• GIS.COM — A portal to GIS information on the Web. The site showcases how people use GIS and geospatial technology and provides GIS users with links to resources to help them in their work.
• GISLounge.com — Articles and useful links to GIS and cartography related web resources.
• GISuser.com GIS news, jobs, articles, discussion, webmap gallery, daily newsletter, and more.
• giscorps.org — A program under URISA, GISCorps is a vehicle for GIS experts from all over the world to volunteer their time to developing economies across the globe.
• GIS Job
• GISWiki - a wiki for geoinformatics
• SharpMap - C# mapping library
• Lunar GIS
• Local GIS Group — GIS center for resources, job openings, research, concepts and ideas on GIS
• MapTools.org — Open Source Web Mapping and GIS Resources]
• Mobile GIS Group — A portal to the world of open source Mobile Mapping applications using GIS/GPS within the PALM AND WINDOWS environments.
• NCGIA Core Curriculum in GIS — lecture notes for educators written by the National Center for Geographic Information Analysis (NCGIA).
• NITLE Initititive on GIS in Education
• Open Geospatial Consortium
• GIS Job
• Open Source Geospatial Foundation
• Open Source GIS Master Index of Open Source GIS Software
• www.planiglobe.com Interactive mapserver with country and city search, offers vector versions (Postscript, Illustrator) for download. Free usage (cc-by licence).
• slashgeo.org — GIS ad-free non-commercial news and discussions.
• spatiallink_org — Linking Spatial Professionals and Volunteers Through Search, Profile, News, Blog, Forum, Map, Chat, WIKI, WAP and Other GIS Tools
• Essay on GIS in relation to urban and landscape design
• UNIGIS — worldwide consortium of universities providing postgraduate courses by distance-learning.
• URISA - URISA is a nonprofit association of professionals using GIS and other information technologies to solve challenges in state/provincial, regional, and local government agencies.
• Utility GIS Group - Utility GIS center for resources, research, concepts and ideas on Geographic Information Systems.
• WALIS — Western Australia Land Information System - Coordinating geographic information for Western Australia
• Web-based GIS: An Overview of Sites and Resources
• Aerial Photos of the world