Quadruple Alliance
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The term "Quadruple Alliance" refers to several historical military alliances; none of which remain in effect.
1- The Quadruple Alliance of 1674 was an alliance between the Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Spain, the Electorate of Brandenburg, and the United Provinces of the Netherlands, in the context of the Franco-Dutch War.
2- The Quadruple Alliance of 1718 was an alliance between Austria, France, the Netherlands and Great Britain - aimed at revising (principally at Spain's expense) the treaties which ended the War of the Spanish Succession. See: War of the Quadruple Alliance.
3- The Quadruple Alliance of 1745 was formed between the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Saxony and Austria in the later stages of the War of the Austrian Succession.
4- The Quadruple Alliance of March 1814 (renewed on November 20, 1815); between the United Kingdom, Austria, Prussia and Russia, aimed at upholding the settlement following the Napoleonic Wars: with France's admission in 1818, it became the Quintuple Alliance, though British government distaste for the other allies' reactionary policies meant that it lapsed into ineffectiveness after the mid-1820s.
5- The Quadruple Alliance of 1835 was formed by the United Kingdom, France, Spain and Portugal to support queen Isabella II of Spain against her uncle Don Carlos, Count of Molina, who claimed the Spanish throne under the succession law of 1714-1830.
6- "Quadruple Alliance" was also used as an alternative term for the Central Powers of World War I, it consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria.
