List of twin towns and sister cities

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

1 Africa
2 Asia
3 Europe
4 North America
5 Oceania
- 5.1 Australia
- 5.2 New Zealand
6 South America

This is a list of "twin towns" or "sister cities" – that is, pairs of towns or cities in different countries which have town twinning arrangements. Where known, the date of formation of the twinning agreement is included in parentheses.

Note that the list is likely to always remain incomplete, since no canonical list of such arrangements exists; even those towns that are listed may well have arrangements which are not listed here. Note also that any twinning arrangement should be listed at two locations in the list: once for each of the towns involved in the arrangement.

For ease of reference and maintenance, the list is divided first by continent, then country, and in some cases (where there are a large number of twinnings to list) by an appropriate sub-division of the country (e.g. the UK is divided by ceremonial county).

[edit] Africa

[edit] Algeria

Béjaïa – Brest, France (2001)
Constantine – Grenoble, France (1999)

[edit] Cameroon

Limbe – Seattle, Washington (USA)

[edit] Cape Verde

Maio – Loures, Portugal (1993)

[edit] Egypt

Cairo – İstanbul, Turkey ; New York City, USA ; Stuttgart, Germany
Giza – Los Angeles, USA
Alexandria – Cleveland, USA ; Baltimore, USA ; Constanţa, Romania ; Saint Petersburg, Russia
Luxor – Baltimore, USA
Port Said – Volgograd, Russia
Assiut – Iaşi, Romania

[edit] Ethiopia

Axum – Denver, Colorado (USA) (1995)
Bahir Dar – Cleveland, Ohio (USA) (2004)
Gondar – Corvallis, Oregon (USA)

[edit] Ghana

Tamale – Louisville, Kentucky (USA) (1979)

[edit] Kenya

Kisumu – Cheltenham, England (UK) (Friendship Town)
Mombasa – Seattle, Washington (USA)

[edit] Libya

Tripoli – Belgrade, Serbia; Belo Horizonte, Brazil (2003); Madrid, Spain; Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1976)

[edit] Mali

Bamako – Rochester, New York (USA) (1975)
Timbuktu – Tempe, Arizona (USA)

[edit] Morocco

Asilah – Sintra, Portugal
Casablanca – Chicago, Illinois (USA); Bordeaux, France; Shanghai, China
El Jadida – Vierzon, France
Mohammedia – Ghent, Belgium
Tangier – Faro, Portugal (1954)
Oujda – Trowbridge, England (2006)

[edit] Mozambique

Beira – Bristol, England (UK) (1990)
Maputo – Lisbon, Portugal
Matola – Loures, Portugal (1996)

[edit] Namibia

Tsumeb – Chesterfield, England (UK)

[edit] Nigeria

Owerri – Gresham, Oregon (USA)

[edit] Republic of the Congo

Brazzaville – Dresden, Germany (1975)

[edit] Sierra Leone

Freetown – Hull, England (UK); New Haven, Connecticut (USA)

[edit] South Africa

Buffalo City – Gävle, Sweden; Leiden, Netherlands
Cape Town – Nice, France
Durban – Eilat, Israel; Leeds, England (UK); Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Johannesburg – Birmingham, England (UK); New York City, New York (USA); Xi'an, China
Pretoria – Washington, D.C., USA
Tshwane – Delft, Netherlands

[edit] Sudan

Khartoum – Cairo, Egypt; Istanbul, Turkey; St. Petersburg, Russia; Wuhan, China

[edit] Swaziland

Mbabane – Fort Worth, Texas (USA) (2004)

[edit] Tanzania

Arusha – Durham, North Carolina (USA)
Tanga – Toledo, Ohio (USA) (2001)

[edit] Tunisia

El Kef – Delft, Netherlands
Nabeul – Seto, Japan
Sousse – Miami, Florida, USA

[edit] Western Sahara

Daira de Bojador – San Sebastián, Spain

[edit] Zimbabwe

Bulawayo – Aberdeen, Scotland (UK) (1986)
Harare – Nottingham, England (UK) (1986)
Mutare – Portland, Oregon (USA) (1991)

[edit] Asia

[edit] Armenia

Djermuk – Saint-Raphaël (Var), France (1994)
Currently, Yerevan has 26 sister cities.
Antananarivo, Madagascar
Athens, Greece
Beirut, Lebanon
Bratislava, Slovakia
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
Carrara, Italy
Chişinău, Moldova
Damascus, Syria
Florence, Italy
Isfahan, Iran
Kiev, Ukraine
Los Angeles, California, USA
Lyon, France
Marseille, France
Paris, France
Minsk, Belarus
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Moscow, Russia
Odessa, Ukraine
Podgorica, Montenegro (2006)
Rostov-on-Don, Russia
Saint Petersburg, Russia
São Paulo, Brazil
Stavropol, Russia
Tbilisi, Georgia
Volgograd, Russia

[edit] Azerbaijan

Baku – Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1972)

[edit] Cambodia

Preah Seihanu – Seattle, Washington, USA
Phnom Penh – Long Beach, California, USA
Battambang – Stockton, California, USA

[edit] China (PRC)

Anshan (鞍山) – Sheffield, UK
Beijing (北京) – click here
Chengdu (成都) – Linz, Austria (1983)
Chongqing (重庆) – Detroit, Michigan, USA; Leicester, UK; Seattle, Washington, USA
Dalian (大连) – Glasgow, UK
Dandong (丹东) – Wilmington, North Carolina, USA (1986)
Dongxihu (东西湖) – Vierzon, France
Gansu (甘肃) – Christchurch, New Zealand
Guangzhou (广州) – Bristol, UK (2001); Lyon, France (1988); Auckland, New Zealand; Sydney, Australia; Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Guangxi (广西) – Newport, UK (1996)
Harbin (哈尔滨) – Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
Hainan (海南) – Jeju, South Korea (sister province); Perth, Scotland, UK
Huainan (淮南) – Rousse, Bulgaria (1994)
Jiangmen (江门) – Riverside, California, USA
Jiaohe (蛟河) – Folsom, California, USA
Jingdezhen (景德镇) – Seto, Japan
Jiujiang (九江) – Louisville, Kentucky, USA
Kunming (昆明) – Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
Lhasa (拉萨) – Boulder, Colorado, USA
Lijiang – New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada (2002)
Nanjing – London, Ontario, Canada; Barranquilla, Colombia
Nanping (南平) – Albury, New South Wales, Australia
Qingdao (青岛) – Acapulco, Mexico (1985); Bilbao, Spain (2004); Klaipėda, Lithuania (2004); Long Beach, California, USA (1985); Montevideo, Uruguay (2004); Ness Ziona, Israel (1997); Odessa, Ukraine (1993); Puerto Montt, Chile (1999); Shimonoseki, Japan (1979); Southampton, UK (1998); Taegu, South Korea (1993); Velsen, Netherlands (1998)
Qinhuangdao (秦皇岛) – Toledo, Ohio, USA (1985)
Shanghai (上海) – dozens of cities including Cork, Ireland; Dunedin, New Zealand; Karachi, Pakistan; Liverpool, UK; Yokohama, Japan (1973); Casablanca, Morocco (1986), Montreal, Chicago, Illinois, USA, San Francisco, California, USA
Shenyang (沈阳) – Turin, Italy
Suzhou (苏州) – Portland, Oregon, USA (1988)
Weihai (威海) – Cheltenham, UK
Wuhan (武汉) – Bordeaux, France; Duisburg, Germany; Khartoum, Sudan; Kiev, Ukraine; Manchester, UK; Pittsburgh, USA
Xiamen (厦门) – Cardiff, UK; Penang, Malaysia (1991)
Xi'an (西安) – Dortmund, Germany; Edinburgh, Scotland (UK); Isfahan, Iran (1989); Johannesburg, South Africa; Kansas City, Missouri (USA); Kathmandu, Nepal; Kyoto, Japan; Lahore, Pakistan; Pau, France; Québec City, Québec (Canada)
Xuzhou(徐州) – Bochum, Germany; Erfurt, Germany (2004)
Yangquan (阳泉) – Chesterfield, UK
Zhenjiang (镇江) – Mannheim, Germany (2004)
Zhuhai (珠海) – Surrey, British Columbia, Canada

[edit] East Timor

Dili – Canberra, Australia

[edit] Gaza Strip (disputed territory)

Rafah, Gaza Strip – Olympia, Washington (USA)
Gaza, Gaza Strip – Tromsø, Norway (2001); Turin, Italy

[edit] Georgia

Borjomi – Philippi, West Virginia, USA (2006)
Kutaisi – Newport, UK (1989)
Mtskheta – Leuville-sur-Orge, France (2001)
Tbilisi – Saarbrücken, Germany (1975); Ankara, Turkey; Innsbruck, Austria (1982); Bilbao, Spain; Bristol, UK (1987); Palermo, Italy; Ljubljana, Slovenia; Atlanta USA (1988); Kiev (Ukraine)
Telavi – Napa County, California, USA (1987); Biberach an der Riß, Germany (1987)

Portsmouth, United Kingdom
Hackney, London, United Kingdom
Newcastle, United Kingdom
Marseille, France
Antwerp, Belgium
Aalborg, Denmark (1972)
Bremen, Germany
Erfurt, Germany
Düsseldorf, Germany
Mainz, Germany

Limassol, Cyprus
Odessa, Ukraine
Shanghai, China
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States
San Francisco, California, United States
Palm Desert, California, United States
Manila, Philippines
Cape Town, South Africa
Rosario, Argentina

Herzliya – Hollywood, Florida, USA
Jerusalem – New York City, New York, USA (1993); Toledo, Spain
Karmiel – Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA (2006)
Kefar Chabad – Crown Heights, Brooklyn, New York USA
Nazareth Illit – Klagenfurt, Austria
Nahariya – Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
Netanya – Bournemouth, UK; Nice, France; Sarcelles, France; Dortmund, Germany; Gold Coast, Australia; Unofficial sister - Cincinnati,Ohio, USA
Misgav – Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA (2006)
Petah Tikva – Chicago, Illinois, USA
Qiryat Motzkin – Nyíregyháza, Hungary
Ramat Gan – Strasbourg, France; Szombathely, Hungary; Weinheim, Germany; Wrocław, Poland (1997)
Ramle – Vaughan, Ontario,Canada
Rehovot – Manchester, United Kingdom; Paraná, Argentina; Grenoble, France (1984); Philadelphia, United States; Rochester, New York, USA (1972); Heidelberg, Germany
Sderot – Zehlendorf, Germany
Tel Aviv – 24 twin sisters:

Toulouse (1962)
Philadelphia (1967)
Frankfurt (1980)
Bonn (1983)
Buenos Aires (1988)
Budapest (1989)
Essen (1992)
Sofia (1992)

Warsaw (1992)
Cannes (1993)
Łódź (1994)
Milan (1994)
Thessaloniki (1994)
Beijing (1995)
New York City (1996)
Cologne (1997)

Barcelona (1998)
Gaza (1998)
İzmir (1998)
Chişinău (2000)
Incheon (2000)
Moscow (2000)
São Paulo (2004)
Vienna (2005)

Tzahar region – West Palm Beach, Florida, USA
Yokneam-Meggido – Atlanta, USA; Barnet, UK; Main-Kinzig district, Germany; San Borja, Peru; Shenyang, China

[edit] Japan

Main article: List of sister cities in Japan

[edit] Kazakhstan

Almaty – Rennes, France; Tucson, Arizona, USA
Astana – Gdańsk, Poland; Warsaw, Poland
Temirtau – Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1982)

[edit] Kyrgyzstan

Bishkek – Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA (1994–present)
Karakol – Asheville, North Carolina, USA (1994–1999)

[edit] Kuwait

Kuwait – Ankara, Turkey; Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1998)

[edit] Malaysia

George Town, Penang – Adelaide, Australia (1973); Medan, Indonesia; Xiamen, China (1991)
Johor Bahru – Istanbul, Turkey
Kuala Lumpur – Ankara, Turkey; Isfahan, Iran
Ipoh – Fukuoka, Japan

[edit] Nepal

Katmandu – Eugene, Oregon, USA

[edit] Pakistan

Islamabad – Ankara, Turkey
Karachi – Shanghai, China
Lahore – Fresno, California (USA); Glasgow, Scotland (UK) (2006); Istanbul, Turkey Hounslow, UK
Rahim Yar Khan – Abu Dhabi, UAE; Cairo, Egypt; Paris, France; Sydney, Australia

[edit] Philippines

Angeles City – Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
Bacolod City – Long Beach, California, USA
Baguio City – Taebek City, Korea; Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; Chicago, Illinois, USA, Vaughan, Ontario, Canada
Bauan – Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
Cagayan de Oro City – Tainan, Taiwan(2005)
Cavite City – San Diego, California, USA; Tainan, Taiwan
Camiling – Juneau, Alaska, USA
Cebu City – Seattle, Washington, USA; Parramatta City, Australia; Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
Davao City – Tacoma, Washington, USA
Iloilo City – Stockton, California, USA
Legaspi City – Choshi City, Japan
Lipa City – Fremont, California, USA
Manila – San Francisco, California, USA; Beijing, China; Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; Bangkok Thailand; Guangzhou, China; Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Sacramento, California, USA; Mumbai, India; Osaka, Japan; Haifa, Israel; Milan, Italy; Santa Barbara, California, USA
Makati City – Los Angeles, California, USA; Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Ramapo, New York, USA
Marikina City – Brampton, Ontario, Canada (Brampton, Canada and Marikina, Philippines seeing double as cities twin)
Palo – Palo Alto, California, USA
Pasay City – Tainan, Taiwan
Puerto Princesa City – Hsinchu City, Taiwan
Quezon City – Daly City, California, USA; Taipei, Taiwan; Chiba City, Japan; Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada (1991); Kenosha, Wisconsin, USA
Sariaya City – Santa Clarita, California, USA
Tagaytay City – Tainan, Taiwan
Trece Martires City – Tainan, Taiwan
Zambales – Maui, Hawaii, USA

[edit] Russia

See under Europe, below.

[edit] South Korea

Busan, Yeongnam – Istanbul, Turkey; Auckland, New Zealand
Cheonan – Beaverton, Oregon, USA
Cheongju, North Chungcheong – Pittsfield, Massachusetts, USA (1986)
Chinju – Eugene, Oregon, USA
Daejeon, South Chungcheong – Seattle, Washington, USA
Donghae City, Gangwon – Federal Way, Washington, USA
Gwangyang, South Jeolla – Linz, Austria (1991)
Iksan, North Jeolla – Odense, Denmark
Jeju – Hainan, China (sister province)
Jinju, South Gyeongsang – Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (1992)
Masan, South Gyeongsang – Houston, Texas, USA (1983)
Seoul, Seoul – Ankara, Turkey; San Francisco, California, USA
Sokcho – Gresham, Oregon, USA
Ulsan, Yeongnam – Portland, Oregon, USA (1987)
Wonju, Gangwon – Roanoke, Virginia, USA

[edit] Taiwan (Republic of China)

Taipei City (台北市) – Los Angeles, California, USA (1979); Houston, Texas, USA; Manila, Philippines (1966); Lome, Togo (1966); Quezon City, Philippines (1967); Seoul, South Korea (1968); Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (1968); San Francisco, California, USA (1970); Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (1970); Guam, USA (1973); Tegucigalpa, Honduras (1975); Cleveland, Ohio, USA (1970); Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (1978); Indianapolis, Indiana, USA (1978); Marshall, Texas, USA (1978); Phoenix, Arizona, USA (1979); Atlanta, Georgia, USA (1979); Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA (1981); Johannesburg, South Africa (1982); Gold Coast, Australia (1982); Pretoria, South Africa (1983); San José, Costa Rica (1984)
Taipei County (台北縣) – Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Miami dade County, Florida, USA
Chiayi City (嘉義市) – Hsinchu City, Taiwan (2002); Syracuse, New York, USA(1995)
Hsinchu City (新竹市) – Beaverton, Oregon, USA (1988); Cary, North Carolina, USA (1993); Plano, Texas, USA (2003); Okayama City, Japan (2003); Puerto Princesa, the Philippines (2006); Cupertino, California, USA (1998); Chiayi City, Taiwan (2002); Richland, WashingtonUSA (1988); Fairfield, New South Wales, Australia (1994)
Kaohsiung City (高雄市) – Portland, Oregon, USA (1988); Seattle, Washington, USA; Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; Macon, Georgia, USA; Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA; Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA; Miami, Florida, USA; San Antonio, Texas, USA; Seattle, Washington, USA; Knoxville, Tennessee, USA; Plains, Georgia, USA; Mobile, Alabama, USA; Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Busan, South Korea; Cebu, Philippines; Danag, Vietnam; Barranquilla, Colombia; Durban, South Africa; Blantyre, Malawi; Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Keelung (基隆市) – Rosemead, California, USA; Salt Lake City, Utah. USA; Corpus Christi, Texas, USA; Campbell, California, USA; Yakima, Washington, USA; Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands
Tainan (台南市) – San Jose, California, USA (1975); Monterey, California, USA (1965); Gwangju, South Korea (1968); Kansas City, Missouri, USA(1987); Pasay City, Philippines (1980); Cavite City, Philippines (1980); Tagaytay City, Philippines (1980); Trece Martires, Philippines (1980); ]]Columbus, Ohio]], USA (1980); Kinmen,Taiwan (1981); Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia (1981); Port Elizabeth, South Africa (1982); Orlando, Florida, USA (1982); Gold Coast, Australia (1982); Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska, USA (1983); Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA(1986); Huntsville, Alabama, USA(1986); Carbondale, Illinois, USA(1991); Leuven, Belgium(1993); Ra'anana, Israel(1999); Zacapa, Guatemala(2003); Elbląg, Poland(2004); Ribe, Denmark (2005); Keçiören, Turkey (2005); Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines (2005)
Hsinchu County (新竹縣) – Santa Clara County, California, USA
Taichung (台中市) – North Shore City, New Zealand (1996); Austin, Texas, USA; San Diego, California, USA; Winnipeg, Canada; Reno, Nevada, USA; Tacoma, Washington, USA; Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA; Cheyenne, Wyoming, USA; Tucson, Arizona, USA
Nantou County (南投縣) – West Valley City, Utah, USA
Hualien County (花蓮縣) – Bellevue, Washington, USA (1984)

[edit] Tajikistan

Dushanbe – Ankara, Turkey; Boulder, Colorado, USA

[edit] Thailand

Bangkok – Beijing, China; Moscow, Russia; Manila, Philippines; Washington, D.C., USA
Chiangmai – Shanghai, China
Phuket – Nice, France

[edit] Turkey

Ankara – Ashgabat, Turkmenistan; Astana, Kazakhstan; Beijing, China; Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan; Bucharest, Romania; Chişinău, Moldova; Dushanbe, Tajikistan; Islamabad, Pakistan; Hanoi, Vietnam; Kiev, Ukraine; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Kuwait, Kuwait; Lefkosa, TRNC; Manama, Bahrain; Moscow, Russia; Chile, Chile; Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1994); Seoul, South Korea; Skopje,Macedonia; Sofia, Bulgaria; Tbilisi, Georgia; Tirana, Albania; Ufa, Russia
Bursa – Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1979)
Develi – Vierzon, France
Diyarbekir – Nashville, Tennessee, USA (2005)
Istanbul – Almaty, Kazakhstan; Amman, Jordan; Barcelona, Spain; Berlin, Germany (1988); Busan, South Korea (2002); Cairo, Egypt; Cologne, Germany (1997); Constanţa, Romania; Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Durrës, Albania; Houston, Texas, USA; Isfahan, Iran; Jakarta, Indonesia; Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Kazan, Russia; Khartoum, Sudan; Mary, Turkmenistan; Odessa, Ukraine; Osh, Kyrgyzstan; Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Rabat, Morocco; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1997); Shanghai, China; Shimonoseki, Japan; Saint Petersburg, Russia; Skopje, FYROM
Izmir – Innsbruck, Austria
Konya – Barlad, Romania
Pamukkale – Eger, Hungary
Urgup - Larisa, Greece

[edit] United Arab Emarites (UAE)

[edit] Dubai

[edit] Uzbekistan

Tashkent – Seattle, Washington, USA

[edit] Vietnam

Haiphong – Seattle, Washington, USA
Hanoi – Seoul, South Korea

[edit] West Bank (disputed territory)

Bethlehem, West Bank – Burlington, Vermont (USA); Cologne, Germany (1996); Glasgow, Scotland (UK)
Jericho, West Bank – Alessandria, Italy (2004)
Nablus, West Bank – Lille, France (1998); Dundee, Scotland (UK) (1980)

[edit] Europe

[edit] Albania

Durrës – Istanbul, Turkey
Tirana – Ankara, Turkey; Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1996)

[edit] Austria

Bregenz - Bangor, County Down, Northern Ireland; Akko, Israel
Graz – Coventry, UK (1948); Darmstadt, Germany (1968); Dubrovnik, Croatia; Groningen, Netherlands (1964); Maribor, Slovenia (1987); Montclair, New Jersey, USA (1950); Pécs, Hungary (1989); Pula, Croatia (1972); Trieste, Italy (1973); Trondheim, Norway (1968)
Innsbruck – Aalborg, Denmark (1967); Izmir, Turkey; Kraków, Poland; Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1980); Tbilisi, Georgia
Judenburg – Sherborne, UK
Kitzbühel – Bad Soden am Taunus, Germany (1984); Greenwich, Connecticut, USA (1961); Rueil-Malmaison, France (1979); Sterzing-Vipiteno, Italy (1971); Sun Valley, Idaho, USA (1967); Yamagata, Japan (1963)
Klagenfurt – Chernivtsi, Ukraine (1992); Nazareth Illit, Israel; Sibiu, Romania; Venlo, Netherlands
Linz – České Budějovice, Czech Republic (1987); Chengdu, China (1983); Gwangyang, South Korea (1991); Linz am Rhein, Germany (1987); Nizhni Novgorod, Russia (1993); Norrköping, Sweden (1995); Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine (1983)
Salzburg – Dresden, Germany (1991)
Sankt Pölten – Altoona, Pennsylvania, USA
Vienna – Budapest, Hungary; Warsaw, Poland

[edit] Belarus

Minsk – Bangalore, India
Polatsk – Friedrichshafen, Germany
Homyel – Clermont-Ferrand, France

[edit] Belgium

Antwerp – Rostock, Germany (1963); Saint Petersburg, Russia (1958); Paramaribo, Surinam (2002)
Arlon – Market Drayton, UK
Braine-l'Alleud – Basingstoke and Deane, UK (1979)
Comines-Warneton – Hedge End, UK
Diest – Breda, Netherlands (1963); Dillenburg, Germany (1963); Orange, France (1963)
Diksmuide – Ellesmere, UK
Eeklo – Feltre, Italy; Newbury, UK; Braunfels, Germany; Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
Frameries – Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; La Chaux de Fonds, Switzerland
Gembloux – Loughborough, UK
Ghent – Kanazawa, Japan; Melle, Germany; Nottingham, UK (1985); Mohammedia, Morroco; Saint-Raphaël, France; Tallinn, Estonia; Wiesbaden, Germany (1969)
Houffalize – Sherborne, UK
Leuven – Kraków, Poland; Lüdenscheid, Germany; Rennes, France; 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
Liège – Aachen, Germany (1955); Cologne, Germany (1958); Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (1958); Lille, France (1958); Kraków, Poland (1978); Lubumbashi, Congo (1961); Maastricht, Netherlands (1955); Nancy, France (1954); Pilsen, Czech Republic (1965); Porto, Portugal (1977); Rotterdam, Netherlands (1958); Saint-Louis, Senegal (1980); Turin, Italy (1958); Volgograd, Russia (1959)
Namur – Belmont, California, USA
Oudenaarde – Arras, France; Bergen op Zoom, Netherlands; Buzău, Romania; Castel Madama, Italy; Coburg, Germany; Hastings, UK
Saint-Ghislain – Christchurch, UK
Sint-Niklaas – Vale of the White Horse, Oxfordshire, UK
Verviers – Bradford, UK
Waterloo – Nagakute, Japan (1992)

[edit] Bosnia and Herzegovina

Sarajevo – Ankara, Turkey (1994); Baku, Azerbaijan (1972); Barcelona, Spain (1996); Budapest, Hungary (1995); Bursa, Turkey (1979); Dayton, Ohio, USA (1999); Ferrara, Italy (1978); Friedrichshafen, Germany (1972); Innsbruck, Austria (1980); Istanbul, Turkey (1997); Kuwait City, Kuwait (1998); Serre-Chevalier, France (1995); Stockholm, Sweden (1997); Tirana, Albania (1996); Tripoli, Libya (1976); Wolfsburg, Germany (1985)
Travnik – Leipzig, Germany (2003)
Tuzla – Bologna, Italy; Osijek, Croatia; Pécs, Hungary; L'Hospitalet, Spain
Zenica – Temirtau, Kazakhstan (1982)

[edit] Bulgaria

Blagoevgrad – Auburn, Alabama, United States; Delchevo, Republic of Macedonia; Serres and Thessaloniki, Greece; Székesfehérvár, Hungary;
Dimitrovgrad – Dimitrovgrad, Russia; Kalamaria (Thessaloniki Prefecture), Greece; Kazincbarcika, Hungary;
Dobrich – Saratov, Russia;
Haskovo – Abington, Pennsylvania, United States;
Kardzhali – Elkhart, Indiana, United States; East Staffordshire, United Kingdom;
Kyustendil – Cocoa Beach, Florida, United States;
Lovech – Erfurt, Germany, (1971); Ryazan, Russia (1964);
Montana, Bulgaria – Banská Bystrica, Slovakia;
Pazardzhik – West Bend, Wisconsin, United States;
Pernik – Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
Pleven – Charlottesville, Virginia, United States; Volos, Greece; Guimarães, Portugal; Rostov-na-Donu, Russia; Kaiserslautern, Germany;
Plovdiv – Brno, Czech Republic; Columbia, South Carolina, United States; Daegu, South Korea; Gyumri, Armenia; Istanbul and Bursa, Turkey; Košice, Slovakia; Kutaisi, Georgia; Leipzig, Germany; Luoyang, People's Republic of China; Kumanovo and Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia; Okayama, Japan; Petra, Jordan; Poznań, Poland; Rome, Italy (for its seven hills); Saint Petersburg, Russia; Thessaloniki, Greece; Valencia, Venezuela;
Razgrad – Oryol, Russia (1968); Châlons-en-Champagne, France (1975); Armagh, Northern Ireland (1995); Brunswick, Ohio, United States (1998); Avcılar, Turkey (2000); Yangzhou, People's Republic of China (2000); Wittenberge, Germany (2001);
Rousse – Volgograd, Russia (2001); Giurgiu, Romania (2001); Huainan, China (1994); Peristeri, Greece (1986); Riga, Latvia; Saint-Ouen, France (1961); Bratislava, Slovakia;
Silistra – Slobozia, Romania;
Sofia – Kiev, Ukraine; Paris, France; Tel Aviv, Israel; Ankara, Turkey; Pittsburgh, United States;
Varna – Aalborg, Denmark; Amsterdam and Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Aqaba, Jordan; Malmö, Sweden; Turku, Finland, Karlsruhe and Rostock, Germany; Pireus, Greece; Novorossiysk, Russia; Odessa and Kharkov, Ukraine; Miami and Memphis, United States; Washington, England;

[edit] Croatia

Dubrovnik – Graz, Austria (1994)
Karlovac – Alessandria, Italy (1963)
Pula – Graz (1972); Trier, Germany
Rijeka – Genoa, Italy
Split: Ancona, Italy; Antofagasta, Chile; Bet Shemesh, Izrael; Cockburn, Australia; Dover, UK; Gladsaxe, Denmark; Los Angeles, USA; Mostar, B&H; Odesa, Ukraine, Ostrava, Czech Republic, Pescara, Italy; Štip, Macedonia; Trondheim, Norway; Velenje, Slovenia; Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf of Berlin, Germany
Zagreb – Budapest, Hungary (1994); Kraków, Poland (1975); Kyoto, Japan (1972); Lisbon, Portugal (1977); Ljubljana, Slovenia (2001); Mainz, Germany (1967); Pittsburgh, USA (1980); Saint Petersburg, Russia (1968); Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2001); Shanghai, China (1980); Tromsø, Norway (1971); Vienna, Austria (1994)

[edit] Czech Republic

Brno – Leeds, UK
České Budějovice – Linz, Austria (1987); Lorient, France; Nitra, Slovakia; Passau, Germany; Suhl, Germany
Františkovy Lázně – Bad Soden am Taunus, Germany (1992)
Hradec Králové – Alessandria, Italy (1961); Metz, France (2001); Wrocław, Poland
Krnov – Karben, Germany; Saint-Égrève, France; Yukon, Oklahoma, USA
Kutná Hora – Eger, Hungary
Lidice – Coventry, UK (1947)
Olomouc – Owensboro, Kentucky, USA
Pilsen – Birmingham, Alabama, USA
Prague – Chicago, Illinois, USA
Žamberk – Rice Lake, Wisconsin, USA

[edit] Denmark

Aakirkeby – Ronneby, Sweden
Aalborg – Edinburgh, UK (1964); Fredrikstad, Norway (1951); Fuglafjørður, Faroe Islands (1986); Galway, Ireland (1997); Haifa, Israel (1972]; Húsavík, Iceland (1996); Innsbruck, Austria (1967); Lancaster, UK (1977); Nuuk, Greenland (2002); Rapperswil, Switzerland (1968); Rendsburg, Germany (1967); Riga, Latvia (1989); Scoresbysund, Greenland (1963); Solvang, USA (1971); Tulcea, Romania (1970); Varna, Bulgaria (1976); Vilnius, Lithuania (1997); Wismar, Germany (1961)
Ballerup – East Kilbride, UK Ireland
Billund – Narva-Jõesuu, Estonia
Esbjerg – Jyväskylä, Finland (1947); Eskilstuna, Sweden; Stavanger, Norway
Frederiksberg – Tartu, Estonia
Grenaa – Türi, Estonia
Helsingør – Gdańsk, Poland; Pärnu, Estonia
Hillerød – Ólafsfjörður, Iceland
Horsens – Moss, Norway
Kalundborg – Valga, Estonia
Kolding – Anjo, Aichi, Japan (1997); Delmenhorst, Germany (1979); Drammen, Norway (1946); Huéscar, Spain (1982); Lappeenranta, Finland (1947); Örebro, Sweden (1946); Panevėžys, Lithuania (2000); Stykkishólmur, Iceland (1979); Szombathely, Hungary (1991)
Odense – Brno, Czech Republic; Columbus, Ohio, USA; Funabashi, Japan; Groningen, Netherlands; Iksan, South Korea; Izmir, Turkey; Katowice, Poland; Kaunas, Lithuania (1992); Kiev, Ukraine; Klaksvík, Faroe Islands; Kópavogur, Iceland; Norrköping, Sweden; Östersund, Sweden; Petah Tikva, Israel; Schwerin, Germany; Shaoxing, China; St Albans, UK; Tampere, Finland; Trondheim, Norway; Upernavik, Greenland (1980)
Ribe – Güstrow, Germany; Krems, Germany
Ringkøbing, Norway (1950)
Rønne– Kuressaare, Estonia
Skagen – Chendering, Malaysia; Farsund, Norway; Kristinehamn, Sweden; Seinäjoki, Finland; Sisimiut, Greenland; Qingdao, China
Thisted – Jõhvi, Estonia
Tinglev – Narva, Estonia
Århus – Rostock, Germany (1964); Swansea, UK

[edit] Estonia

Elva – Perniö, Finland
Haapsalu – Rendsburg, Germany (1989); Hanko, Finland; Loviisa, Finland; Haninge, Sweden; Eskilstuna, Sweden; Greve in Chianti, Italy; Uman, Ukraine; Fundao, Portugal
Jõhvi – Loimaa, Finland; Kerava, Finland; Thisted, Denmark
Kehra – Salo, Finland
Keila – Nacka, Sweden; Huittinen, Finland: Barsbüttel, Germany; Sigulda, Latvia, Birstonas, Lithuania
Kohtla-Järve – Outokumpu, Finland; Norderstedt, Germany
Kunda – Seinäjoki, Finland
Kuressaare – Mariehamn; Finland; Ekenäs, Finland; Rønne, Denmark
Kuusalu – Sipoo, Finland
Narva – Karlskoga, Sweden; Forssa, Finland ; Ivangorod, Russia; Pskov, Russia; Donetsk, Ukraine
Narva-Jõesuu – Billund, Denmark
Otepää – Kivijärvi, Finland; McHenry; USA
Paide – Hamina, Finland; Westminster, USA; Håbo, Sweden; Fredensborg-Humlebaeck; Denmark; Mazeikiai, Lithuania; Saldus, Latvia; Annaberg-Bucholz, Germany; Perejaslav-Hmelnitski, Ukraine; Havirov, Czech Republic
Paldiski – Kirkkonummi, Finland
Põlva – Hedensted, Denmark
Pärnu – Vaasa, Finland; Jelgava, Latvia; Šiauliai, Lithuania; Oskarshamn, Sweden; Helsingborg, Sweden; Siofok, Hungary; Helsingør, Denmark; Södertälje, Sweden; Portsmouth, USA; Ocean City, USA; Sochi, Russia; Gran, Norway
Rakvere – Kuopio, Finland; Lappeenranta, Finland
Sillamäe – Nokia, Finland; Harve de Grac, USA
Tallinn – Ghent, Belgium; Dartford, United Kingdom; Schwerin, MV, Germany; Malmö, Sweden; Kotka, Finland; Portland, USA; Annapolis, USA
Tapa – Cumberland, USA
Tartu – Tampere, Finland; Turu, Finland; Hämeenlinna, Finland; Frederiksberg; Denmark; Uppsala, Sweden; Lüneburg, Germany; Pskov, Russia; Ferrara, Italy; Salisbury, USA; Baerum, Norway; Hafnarfjörður, Iceland; Veszprem, Hungary; Kaunas, Lithuania; Deventer, the Netherlands; Zutphen, the Netherlands; Riga, Latvia
Tõrva – Grantsville, USA
Türi – Grenaa, Denmark
Valga – Tornio, Finland, Kalundborg, Denmark; Oakland, USA; Kobylnica, Poland; Novgorod, Russia; Durbuy, Belgium; Östhammar, Sweden
Viljandi – Porvoo, Finland; Frostburg, USA

[edit] Faroe Islands

Fuglafjørður – Aalborg, Denmark (1986)

[edit] Finland

Forssa – Narva, Estonia
Hamina – Paide, Estonia
Hanko – Haapsalu, Estonia
Helsinki – Sankt Petersburg, Russia (1993)
Imatra – Sankt Petersburg, Russia (1997)
Jyväskylä – Debrecen, Hungary (1970); Esbjerg, Denmark (1947); Eskilstuna, Sweden (1947); Fjardabyggd, Iceland (1958); Niiza, Japan (1997); Potsdam, Germany (1985); Poznań, Poland (1974); Yaroslavl, Russia (1966)
Karkkila – Sherborne, UK
Kemi – Tromsø, Norway (1940); Volgograd, Russia
Kerava – Jõhvi, Estonia
Kirkkonummi– Paldiski, Estonia
Kokkola – Kristiansund , Norway
Kotka– Tallinn, Estonia; Sankt Petersburg, Russia (1997)
Kuopio – Pskov, Russia; Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Rakvere, Estonia
Lappeenranta – Schwäbisch Hall, Germany (1985); Rakvere, Estonia; Sankt Petersburg, Russia (1997)
Loimaa – Jõhvi, Estonia
Loviisa – Haapsalu, Estonia
Mikkeli – Sankt Petersburg, Russia (1996)
Mariehamn – Kuressaare, Estonia
Mänttä – Ronneby, Sweden
Nokia – Moss, Norway; Sillamäe; Estonia
Pori – Eger, Hungary
Porvoo – Hancock, Michigan, USA
Salo – St. Anthony, Minnesota, USA; Kehra, Estonia
Sipoo – Kuusalu, Estonia
Tampere – Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; Miskolc, Hungary; Kiev, Ukraine; Tartu, Estonia; Sankt Petersburg, Russia (1993)
Tornio – Valga, Estonia
Turku – Gdańsk, Poland; Saint Petersburg, Russia; Szeged, Hungary; Florence, Italy; Gothenburg, Sweden; Aarhus, Denmark; Rostock, Germany; Bergen, Norway; Cologne, Germany; Varna, Bulgaria; Bratislava, Slovakia; Constanţa, Romania; Tianjin, China; Tartu, Estonia; Tallinn, Estonia; Kuressaare, Estonia.
Vaasa – Kiel, Germany; Pärnu, Estonia

[edit] France

Main article: List of twin towns and sister cities in France

[edit] Germany

Main article: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany

[edit] Greece

Athens – Ljubljana, Slovenia
Chios – Genoa, Italy
Heraklion – Constanţa, Romania
Karpenisi – Asheville, North Carolina (USA)
Kozani – Iaşi, Romania
Larisa – Urgup, Turkey 1996?
Peristeri – Rousse, Bulgaria (1986)
Preveza – Sherborne, England (UK)
Thessaloniki – Cologne, Germany (1988); Constanţa, Romania; Melbourne, Australia (1984)
Volos – Le Mans, France
Portaria – Tourtour, France
Makrinitsa – Varaignes, France
Milies – Lapithos, Cyprus

[edit] Greenland

See under North America, below.

[edit] Hungary

Budapest – Berlin, Germany; Fort Worth, Texas, USA (1990); Frankfurt, Germany; Lisbon, Portugal; New York City, New York, USA; Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1995); Tel Aviv, Israel; Vienna, Austria; Zagreb, Croatia
Debrecen – Jyväskylä, Finland (1970); Shumen, Bulgaria
Edelény – Bad Sobernheim, Germany; Moldava nad Bodvou, Slovakia; Worb, Switzerland
Eger – Cheboksary, Russia; Esslingen am Neckar, Germany; Gainesville, Georgia, USA; Gheorgheni, Romania; Kutná Hora, Czech Republic; Mâcon, France; Pamukkale, Turkey; Pori, Finland; Przemysl, Poland
Encs – Bad Dürrenberg, Germany; Moldava nad Bodvou, Slovakia
Kazincbarcika – Burgkirchen, Germany; Dimitrovgrad, Bulgaria; Knurow, Poland; Revúca, Slovakia; Sânnicolau Mare, Romania; Swidnica, Poland
Miskolc – Aschaffenburg, Germany; Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Katowice, Poland; Kosice, Slovakia; Ostrava, Czech Republic; Tampere, Finland; Vologda, Russia
Nyíregyháza – Iserlohn, Germany; Kajaani, Finland; Presov, Slovakia; Qiryat Motzkin, Israel; Rzeszów, Poland; Satu Mare, Romania; St Albans, United Kingdom; Uzhhorod, Ukraine
Pécs – Fellbach, Germany; Graz, Austria (1989); Seattle, Washington, USA
Putnok – Tisovec, Slovakia
Sajószentpéter – Dobsina, Slovakia; Kobior, Poland
Székesfehérvár – Chorley, UK (1991)
Szeged – Cambridge, UK; Darmstadt, Germany (1990); Toledo, Ohio, USA (1990)
Szendrő – Leuterhausen, Germany
Szerencs – Hesperange, Luxembourg; Roznava, Slovakia
Szikszó – Stronie Slonsnie, Poland
Szilvásvárad – Berlin-Zehlendorf, Germany
Szolnok – Reutlingen, Germany (1990)
Tatabánya – Christchurch, UK
Tiszaújváros – Rimavská Sobota, Slovakia
Tokaj – Binyamina, Israel; Cormons, Italy; Dej, Romania; Oestrich-Winkel, Germany

[edit] Iceland

Blönduós – Moss, Norway
Fjarðabyggð – Jyväskylä, Finland (1958)
Grundarfjörður – Paimpol, France
Hafnarfjörður – Cuxhaven, UK; Flensburg, Germany; Tartu, Estonia
Húsavík – Aalborg, Denmark (1966);Fredrikstad, Norway
Hveragerði – Örnsköldsvik, Sweden
Kópavogur – Odense, Denmark
Ólafsfjörður- Hillerød, Denmark
Reykjavík – Seattle, Washington, USA; Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (1971)
Stykkishólmur – Kolding, Denmark

[edit] Ireland (Republic of)

Ballina – Pittsfield, Massachusetts, USA
Bandon – Bandon, Oregon, USA
Bundoran – Sherborne, UK
Clonmel – Reading, UK (1994)
Cork – Cologne, Germany; Coventry, UK; Rennes, France; San Francisco, California, USA (1984); Shanghai, China; Swansea, UK (1994)
Dublin – Barcelona, Spain; Liverpool, UK; San Jose, California, USA (1986)
Galway – Aalborg, Denmark (1997); Bradford, UK (1986); Seattle, Washington, USA; Lorient, France
Killarney – Kendal, UK
Limerick – Quimper, Brittany, France (1980)
Muinebheag – Pont-Péan, France (2000)
Portlaoise – Coulounieix-Chamiers, France (1996)
Thurles – Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Bollington, UK
Tuam – Straubing, Germany
Waterford – Rochester, New York, USA (1983); St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada

[edit] Italy

Alba – Medford, Oregon, USA
Alessandria – Argenteuil, France (1960); Hradec Králové, Czech Republic (1961); Karlovac, Croatia (1963); Rosario, Argentina (1988); Jericho, Palestine (2004)
Assisi – Bethlehem, Israel; San Francisco, USA
Bellagio – Sherborne, UK
Bergamo – Greenville, South Carolina, USA
Bologna – Portland, Oregon, USA (2003)
Caltanissetta – Rochester, New York, USA (1966)
Catania – Grenoble, France (1961)
Cava de' Tirreni – Pittsfield, Massachusetts, USA
Cavaion Veronese – Bad Aibling, Bavaria, Germany (2006)
Cisterna di Latina – Fort Smith, Arkansas, USA
Cormons – Tokaj, Hungary
Cosenza – Kenosha, Wisconsin, USA
Ferrara – Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1978); Swansea, UK
Florence – Dresden, Germany (1971); Edinburgh, UK (1964); Isfahan, Iran; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (1964); Sydney, Australia
Foggia – Göppingen, Germany
Forlì – Peterborough, UK
Genoa – Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Columbus, Ohio, USA; Marseille, Francia; Chios, Greece (1985); Huelva, Spain; Odessa, Ukraine; Rijeka, Croatia.
Greve in Chianti – Haapsalu, Estonia
Grosseto – Cottbus, Germany (1967)
Imperia – Newport, Rhode Island, USA
L'Aquila – Cuenca, Spain; Zielona Góra, Poland
La Spezia – Toulon, France (1959); Bayreuth, Germany
Lazise – Rosenheim, Germany
Livorno – Bat Yam, Israel
Lucca – Abingdon, UK
Mazara del Vallo – Santa Pola, Spain
Milan – Birmingham, UK; Melbourne, Australia; São Paulo, Brazil; Saint Petersburg, Russia; Manila, Philippines
Moncalieri – Baden Baden, Germany; Argiropoulos, Greece
Montevarchi – Kitzingen, Germany; Roanne, France (1988)
Monza – Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
Perugia – Seattle, Washington, USA
Reggio Emilia – Fort Worth, Texas, USA (1985); Kragujevac, Serbia
Salerno – Tōno, Japan
San Gimignano – Sherborne, UK
San Pietro in Cariano – Ludlow, UK; Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
Saronno – Challans, France
Scontrone – Cambridge, New York, USA (2004)
Sterzing-Vipiteno – Kitzbühel, Austria (1971)
Taranto – Brest, France
Terracina – Exeter, UK
Trento – San Sebastián, Spain
Treviso – Guelph, Canada
Trieste – Graz, Austria (1973)
Turin – Detroit, USA; Cologne, Germany; Rotterdam, The Nederlands; Salt Lake City, USA; Glasgow, Great Britain; Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Chambery, France; Volgograd, Russia; Liège, Belgium; Lille, France; Campo Grande, Brazil; Córdoba, Argentina; Gaza, Palestinian Territories; Haifa, Israel; Nagoya, Japan; Quetzaltenango, Guatemala; Shenyang, China
Torviscosa – Champ-sur-Drac, France (2006)
Venice – Sankt Petersburg, Russia (2006)
Verona – Albany, New York, USA

[edit] Latvia

Liepaja – Darmstadt, Germany (1993)
Riga – Aalborg, Denmark (1989); Dunkirk, France (1960); Warsaw, Poland; Tartu, Estonia; Cairns, Australia
Ventspils – Vesterviik, Sweden; Stralsund, Germany; Lorient, France

[edit] Lithuania

Kaunas – Odense, Denmark (1992); Wrocław, Poland; Tartu, Estonia
Klaipėda – Mannheim, Germany (2002)
Vilnius – Aalborg, Denmark (1997); Gdańsk, Poland; Warsaw, Poland

[edit] Luxembourg

Esch-sur-Alzette – Cologne, Germany (1958); Liège, Belgium; Rotterdam, Netherlands; Turin, Italy
Hesperange – Szerencs, Hungary
Luxembourg – Metz, France
Niederanven – Sherborne, UK
Steinsel – Pace, France

[edit] Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)

Skopje – Nurnberg, Germany; Bradford, UK; Ankara, Turkey
Ohrid – Kragujevac, Serbia
Veles – Slobozia, Romania

[edit] Moldova

Chişinău – Ankara, Turkey; Bucharest, Romania; Grenoble, France (1977); Mannheim, Germany (1989); Greensboro, North Carolina, USA (2000)

[edit] Netherlands

Alkmaar – Bath, UK; Darmstadt, Germany; Troyes, France; Tata, Hungary; Bergama, Turkey
Amsterdam – Managua, Nicaragua; Beira, Mozambique; Beijing China;
Breda – Diest, Belgium (1963); Wrocław, Poland
Delft – Estelí, Nicaragua (1984); Freiberg, Germany (1986); Tshwane, South Africa; El Kef, Tunisia
Deventer – Tartu, Estonia
Goirle – Krasnogorsk, Russia
Gouda – Gloucester, UK (1972)
Groningen – Graz, Austria (1964); Murmansk, Russia; San Carlos, Nicaragua
Heerhugowaard – Kalisz, Poland (1992)
Heiloo – Swietochlowice, Poland (1990)
Helmond – Zielona Góra, Poland
Heusden – Idstein, Germany
Leiden – Buffalo City, South Africa; Juigalpa, Nicaragua; Krefeld, Germany; Oxford, England (UK); Toruń, Poland
Leidschendam-Voorburg – Temecula, USA (1993)
Meerssen – Sherborne, UK
Nieuwegein – Puławy, Poland; Rundu, Namibia
Nijmegen – Albany, New York, USA; Masaya, Nicaragua; Pskov, Russia
Rotterdam – Dresden, Germany (1988); Turin, Italy; Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Gdańsk, Poland (1998); Shanghai, China (1979); Jakarta, Indonesia; Durban, South Africa; Constanţa, Romania; Baltimore, United States of America; Prague, The Czech Republic
's-Hertogenbosch – Trier, Germany; Leuven, Belgium
Stampersgat – Cheltenham, UK
The Hague – Warsaw, Poland
Utrecht – León, Nicaragua; Brno, Czech Republic
Veendam – Gniezno, Poland; Kelowna, Canada
Venlo – Klagenfurt, Austria
Waalwijk – Unna, Germany
Zutphen – Shrewsbury, UK; Tartu, Estonia; Satu Mare, Romania; Villa Sandino, Nicaragua; Horstmar, Germany
Soest – Soest, Germany

[edit] Norway

Bergen – Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Rostock, Germany (1965); Seattle, Washington, USA
Fredrikstad – Aalborg, Denmark (1951); Húsavík, Iceland; Karlskoga, Sweden; Kotka, Finland; Patzún, Guatemala; San Martin, Guatemala
Hammerfest – Anchorage, Alaska and Petersburg, Alaska, USA
Hordaland county – Cardiff, UK
Høyanger – Ronneby, Sweden
Kristiansand – Trollhättan, Sweden; Hjørring, Denmark; Kerava, Finland; Rekjanesbær, Iceland; Orléans, France; Münster, Germany; Letchworth, UK
Kristiansund – Kokkola, Finland; Fredericia, Denmark; Härnösand, Sweden
Lillehammer – Hørsholm, Denmark; Leksand, Sweden; Oberhof, Germany
Molde – Velje, Denmark; Borås, Sweden; Mikkeli, Finland; Česká Lípa, Czech Republic
Moss – Horsens, Denmark; Karlstad, Sweden; Wismar, Germany; Virginia Beach, USA; Novgorod, Russia; Blönduós, Iceland; Nokia, Finland
Måløy – Lerwick, Shetland
Oslo – Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Tel Aviv, Israel; Vilnius, Lithuania
Sandnes – Mariestad, Sweden; Nyborg, Denmark; Perniö, Finland
Stavanger – Esbjerg, Denmark;
Tromsø – Anchorage, Alaska, United States (1969); Gaza, Palestine (2001); Grimsby, United Kingdom (1961); Kemi, Finland (1940); Luleå, Sweden (1950); Murmansk, Russia (1972); Pune, India (1966); Quetzaltenango, Guatemala (1999); Ringkøbing, Denmark (1950); Zagreb, Croatia (1971)
Trondheim – Darmstadt, Germany (1968); Graz, Austria (1968)
Vennesla – Salo, Finland; Odder, Denmark; Katrineholm, Sweden
Ålesund – Randers, Denmark (1947); Västerås, Sweden (1947); Lahti, Finland (1947); Akureyri, Iceland (1949); Peterhead, Scotland (1967); Borgo a Mozzano, Italy (1979); Tacoma, USA (1986)

[edit] Poland

Bielany – Ealing, UK (2002)
Bydgoszcz – Mannheim, Germany (1991); Kragujevac, Serbia; Perth, Scotland, UK
Chojna – Sherborne, UK
Częstochowa – South Bend, Indiana, USA
Elbląg – Ronneby, Sweden
Gdańsk – Astana, Kazakhstan; Barcelona, Spain; Bremen, Germany; Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Helsingør, Denmark; Kaliningrad, Russia; Kalmar, Sweden; Marseille, France; Nice, France; Odessa, Ukraine; Rotterdam, Netherlands; Rouen, France; Sefton, UK; Saint Petersburg, Russia; Turku, Finland; Vilnius, Lithuania
Gdynia – Kiel, Germany; Seattle, Washington, USA
Górowo Iławeckie – Verden, Germany (1996)
Kalisz – Adria, Italy; Erfurt, Germany; Hamm, Germany; Hautmont, France (1958); Heerhugowaard, Netherlands; Kamieniec Podolski, Ukraine; La Louvière, Belgium; Martin, Slovakia; Preston, UK; Southampton, UK; Tongeren, Belgium
Jelenia Góra – Tyler, Texas, USA
Katowice – Cologne, Germany (1991); Miskolc, Hungary
Knurów – Kazincbarcika, Hungary
Kobiór – Sajószentpéter, Hungary
Kraków – Bordeaux, France (1993); Budapest, Hungary (2005); Curitiba, Brazil (1993); Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (1995); Fes, Morocco (1985); Florence, Italy (1992); Frankfurt am Main, Germany (1991); Göteborg, Sweden (1990); Innsbruck, Austria (1998); Kyoto, Japan; Kyiv, Ukraine (1993); La Serena, Chile (1995); Leipzig, Germany (1995); Leuven, Belgium (1991); Lviv, Ukraine (1995); Milan, Italy (2003); Nuremberg, Germany (1991); Orleans, France (1992); Pecs, Hungary (1998); Rochester, New York, USA (1973); Sankt Petersburg, Russia (2006); Seville, Spain (2002); Solothurn, Switzeland (1990); Zagreb, Croatia (1975)
Miechów – Hevre, Liege, Belgia
Lublin – Windsor, Ontario, Canada
Piotrków Trybunalski – Esslingen, Mołodeczno, Velenje, Mosonmagyarovar, Marijampolė, Równe, Vienne, Udine, Neath Port Talbot, Schiedam
Płock – Darmstadt, Germany (1998)
Poznań – Hannover, Germany; Jyväskylä, Finland (1974); Kharkiv, Ukraine; Toledo, Ohio, USA
Przemyśl – Eger, Hungary
Puławy – Nieuwegein, Netherlands
Rzeszów – Bielefeld, Germany; Buffalo, New York, USA; Ivano-Frankovsk, Ukraine; Klagenfurt, Austria; Košice, Slovakia; Lutsk, Ukraine; Lviv, Ukraine; Nyíregyháza, Hungary
Stronie Śląskie – Szikszó, Hungary
Świdnica – Kazincbarcika, Hungary
Świętochłowice – Heiloo, Netherlands (1990)
Tarnów – Blackburn with Darwen, UK; Kiskőrös, Hungary; Kotlas, Russia; Nowy Sacz, Poland; Schoten, Belgium; Ternopil, Ukraine; Trencin, Slovakia
Toruń – Čadca, Slovakia; Göttingen, Germany; Hämeenlinna, Finland; Kaliningrad, Baltic enclave of the Russian Federation; Leiden, The Netherlands; Novo mesto, Slovenia; Philadelphia, USA, Swindon, United Kingdom;
Warsaw – Astana, Kazakhstan; Berlin, Germany; Coventry, UK (1957); Düsseldorf, Germany; Kyiv, Ukraine; Lviv, Ukraine; Moscow, Russia; Riga, Latvia; Saint Petersburg, Russia (1997); The Hague, Netherlands; Toronto, Canada; Vienna, Austria; Vilnius, Lithuania
Wrocław – Breda, Netherlands; Dresden, Germany (1963); Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Kaunas, Lithuania; Ramat Gan, Israel (1997); Wiesbaden, Germany (1987)
Zamość – Schwäbisch Hall, Germany (1989)
Zielona Góra – Bistriţa, Romania; Cottbus, Germany (1975); Helmond Netherlands; L'Aquila, Italy; Nitra, Slovakia; Troyes, France; Verden, Germany (1993)

[edit] Portugal

Armamar – Loures, Portugal
Aveiro – Forlì, Italy; Ōita, Japan
Barcelos – Vierzon, France
Batalha – Trujillo, Spain, Spain
Bragança – León, Spain
Cascais – Biarritz, France
Faro – Tangier, Morocco (1954)
Fundao – Haapsalu, Estonia
Lisbon – Budapest, Hungary; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Brasília, Brazil; Bissau, Guinea-Bissau; Praia, Cape Verde; Maputo, Mozambique; Luanda, Angola; São Tomé, São Tomé e Príncipe; Macao, China; Malacca, Malaysia; Rabat, Morocco; Madrid, Spain; Cacheu, Guinea-Bissau
Loures – Armamar, Portugal (1993); Diu, India (1998); Maio, Cape Verde (1993); Matola, Mozambique (1996)
Oporto – Beira, Mozambique; Bordeaux, France; Bristol, UK; Duruelo de la Sierra, Spain; Jena, Germany; León, Spain; Luanda, Angola; Liege, Belgium; Macao, China; Mindelo, Cape Verde; Nagasaki, Japan; Neves, São Tomé and Príncipe; Ndola, Zambia; Recife, Brazil; Shanghai, China; Vigo, Spain
Sesimbra – Sherborne, UK
Sintra – Asilah, Morocco (August 2006)
Figueira da Foz – New Bedford, Massachusetts, USA

[edit] Romania

Alba Iulia – Alcalá de Henares, Spain
Barlad – Konya, Turkey
Bistriţa – Zielona Góra, Poland, Columbus, Georgia, USA
Bucharest – Atlanta, USA, Regina, Canada, Pretoria, South Africa, Athens, Greece, Athens, Georgia, USA, Amman, Jordan, Ankara, Turkey, Chişinău, Moldova, Detroit, USA
Cluj-Napoca – Cologne, Germany, São Paulo, Brazil, Be'er Sheva, Israel, Pecs, Hungary, Zagreb, Croatia, Zhengzhou, China, Korca, Albania, Caracas, Venezuela, Dijon and Nantes, France, Makati, Philippines, Suwon, South Korea, Cervia, Italy, Columbia, South Carolina, East Lansing, Michigan and Rockford, Illinois, USA
Constanţa – Sulmona and Trapani, Italy, Turku, Finland, Yokohama, Japan, Brest and Boulogne-sur-Mer, France, Istanbul and Izmir, Turkey, Rotterdam, Netherlands, Odessa, Ukraine, Dobrich, Bulgaria, Thessaloniki and Heraklion, Greece, Mobile and San Francisco, USA, Saida, Algeria, Lattakia, Syria, Alexandria, Egypt, Santos, Brazil, Havana, Cuba
Dej – Tokaj, Hungary
Gheorgheni – Eger, Hungary
Giurgiu – Rousse, Bulgaria (2001)
Iaşi – Isfahan, Iran, Poitiers, France, Xi'an, China, Monterrey, Mexico, Padua, Italy, Ramla, Israel, Kozani, Greece, Assiut, Egypt
Piteşti – Kragujevac, Serbia
Ploieşti – Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA, Uralsk, Kazakhstan, Radom, Poland, Berat, Albania, Harbin, People's Republic of China, Maracaibo, Venezuela, Osijek, Croatia, Lefkada, Greece, Hînceşti, Republic of Moldova
Mangalia – General Toshevo, Bulgaria; Greenport, Suffolk County, New York, USA; Lavrio, Greece; Porto Viro, Italy; San Severino, Italy; Struga, Macedonia
Sânnicolau Mare – Kazincbarcika, Hungary
Sibiu – Klagenfurt, Austria; Marburg, Germany; Landshut, Germany; Rennes, France; Columbia, Missouri, USA; Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela; Wirral, UK; Bauru, Brazil; Mechelen, Belgium;
Slobozia – Veles, Macedonia; Silistra, Bulgaria
Târgovişte – Targovishte, Bulgaria, Trakai, Lithuania, Orvault, France, Corbetta, Italy, Santarem, Portugal, Vellinge, Sweden
Timişoara – Gera and Karlsruhe, Germany, Mulhouse and Rueil-Malmaison, France, Szeged, Hungary, Sassari, Treviso, Faenza and Palermo, Italy, Zrenjanin and Novi Sad, Serbia
Tulcea – Aalborg, Denmark (1970)
Turda – Angouleme, France, *Hódmezővásárhely, Hungary
Vişeu de Sus – Staunton, Virginia, USA

[edit] Russia

Bagrationovsk – Verden, Germany (1966)
Birobidzhan – Beaverton, Oregon, USA
Cheboksary – Eger, Hungary
Chekhov – Saratoga Springs, New York, USA (2001)
Cherepovets – Montclair, New Jersey
Ivangorod – Narva, Estonia
Irkutsk – Eugene, Oregon, USA
Kaliningrad – Gdańsk, Poland; Kiel, Germany
Khabarovsk – Portland, Oregon, USA (1988)
Krasnodar – Karlsruhe, Germany
Kurgan – Appleton, Wisconsin, USA
Moscow – Ankara, Turkey; Bangkok, Thailand; Berlin, Germany (1990); Warsaw, Poland
Murmansk – Tromsø, Norway (1972); Groningen, Netherlands
Nakhodka – Bellingham, Washington, USA; Oakland, California, USA (1989); Otaru, Japan;
Nizhny Novgorod – Essen, Germany (1991); Jinang, China (1994); Kharkiv, Ukraine (2001); Linz, Austria (1993); Matanzas, Cuba (2004); Philadelphia, USA (1994); Suwon, South Korea (2005); Tampere, Finland (1994)
Novgorod – Rochester, New York, USA (1990); Moss, Norway
Novosibirsk – Daejeon, South Korea (2001); Manjun, China (1994); Minneapolis/St. Paul, USA (1989); Sapporo, Japan (1990)
Perm – Louisville, Kentucky, USA (1994); Oxford, UK
Pskov – Arles, France; Gera, Germany; Kuopio, Finland; Neuss, Germany; Nijmegen, Netherlands; Norrtälje, Sweden; Perth, UK; Roanoke, Virginia, USA; Vitebsk, Belarus; Tartu, Estonia (2003); Narva, Estonia
Rostov on Don – Glasgow, UK
Saint Petersburg – Aarhus, Denmark (1989); Akaba, Jordan (2003); Alexandria, Egypt (2005); Almaty, Kazakshtan (1996); Antwerp, Belgium (1958); Baku, Azerbaijan (1998); Bangkok, Thailand (1997); Barcelona, Spain (1984); Bordeaux, France (1991); Cape Town, South Africa (2001); Chengdu, China (1998); Colombo, Sri Lanka (1997); Daegu, South Korea (1997); Dresden, Germany (1961); Dushanbe, Tajikistan (1999); Edinburgh, United Kingdom (1995); Gdańsk, Poland (1961); Genoa, Austria (2002); Goeteburg, Sweden (1962); Graz, Austria (2001); Hamburg, Germany (1957); Le Havre, France (1965); Helsinki, Finland (1993); Ho Shi Min, Vietnam (1977); Imatra, Finland (1997); Isfahan, Iran (1999); Istanbul, Turkey (1990); Kharkov, Ukraine (2003); Khartum, Sudan (2002); Kiev, Ukraine (2001); Košice, Slovakia (1995); Kotka, Finland (1997); Lappeenranta, Finland (1997); Los Angeles, California, USA (1990); Lviv, Ukraine (2006); Lyon, France (1993); Manchester, United Kingdom (1956); Maribor, Slovenia (2001); Melbourne, Australia (1989); Mikkeli, Finland (1996); Milan, Italy (1961); Minsk, Belarus (2000); Montevideo, Uruguay (1998); Mumbai, India (1963); Mykolaiv, Ukraine (2003); Nampho, North Korea (2005); Nice, France (1997); Odessa, Ukraine (2002); Osaka, Japan (1961); Osh, Kyrgyzstan (2004); Paris, France (1991); Piraeus, Greece (1965); Plovdiv, Bulgaria (1980); Prague, Czech Republic (1992); Quebec City, Canada (2002); Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1996); Sevastopol, Ukraine (2000); Shanghai, China (1959); St. Petersburg, Florida, USA (2002); Stockholm, Sweden (1992); Tallinn, Estonia (1999); Tampere, Finland (1993); Tbilisi, Georgia (1999); Thessaloniki, Greece (2002); Turku, Finland (1953); Venice, Italy (2006); Warsaw, Poland (1997); Yerevan, Armenia (1997); Zagreb, Croatia (1968);
Rubtsovsk – Grants Pass, Oregon, USA
Saratov – Dallas, USA (2004); Dobrich, Bulgaria; Taiyuan, China
Shakhty – Gelsenkirchen, Germany; Nikopol, Bulgaria
Sharya – Great Falls, Montana, USA
Slavsk – Ronneby, Sweden
Sochi – Cheltenham, UK; Warsaw, Poland (1997); Pärnu, Estonia
Sovetsk – Kiel, Germany
Tolyatti – Flint, Michigan, USA
Tomsk – Monroe, Michigan, USA; Tbilisi, Georgia, Ulsan, South Korea
Tula – Albany, New York, USA (1991)
Tver – Besançon, France
Volgograd – Chemnitz, Germany (1988); Chengdu, China (1998); Chennai, India (1966);Cleveland, United States (1990); Cologne, Germany (1988); Coventry, England (1943); Dijon, France (1959); Hiroshima, Japan (1972); Jilin, China (1994); Kemi, Finland (1953); Kruševac, Serbia (1999); Liège, Belgium (1959); Ostrava, Czech Republic (1948); Port Said, Egypt (1962); Rousse, Bulgaria (2001); Toronto, Canada (1991); Torino, Italy (1961)
Vologda – Miskolc, Hungary
Vladikavkaz – Asheville, USA (1990)
Vladimir – Bloomington-Normal, USA
Vladivostok – Akita, Japan; Busan, South Korea; Dalian, China; Hakodate, Japan; Niigata, Japan; San Diego, USA; Tacoma, Washington, USA
Yaroslavl – Burlington, Vermont, USA (1987); Exeter, UK; Jyväskylä, Finland (1966)
Yekaterinburg – Plzen, Czech Republic; San Jose, California, USA (1992)
Zeya – Baker City, Oregon, USA

[edit] Serbia

Belgrade – Chicago, Illinois, USA (2005); Coventry, UK (1957); Beijing, China; Buenos Aires, Argentina
Novi Sad – Dortmund, Germany; Modena, Italy; Norwich, UK; Changchun, China; Heliopoulis, Greece; Budva, Montenegro
Kragujevac – Ingolstadt, Germany; Bydgozcz, Poland; Bielsko-Biała, Poland;Suresnes, France; Reggio Emilia, Italy; Piteşti, Romania; Ohrid, Macedonia;Springfield, USA
Kikinda – Narvik, Norway;
Prijepolje – Koeniz, Switzerland;

[edit] Slovakia

Bratislava – Vienna, Austria; Kraków, Poland; Ljubljana, Slovenia; Ulm, Germany; Perugia, Italy; Prague, Czech Rep.; Kiev, Ukraine; Turku, Finland; Cleveland, USA; Rotterdam, Netherlands
Dobsina – Sajószentpéter, Hungary
Košice – Cottbus, Germany (1978); Miskolc, Hungary
Moldava nad Bodvou – Edelény, Hungary; Encs, Hungary
Nitra – Zielona Góra, Poland; Naperville, Illinois, USA
Revúca – Kazincbarcika, Hungary
Rimavská Sobota – Tiszaújváros, Hungary
Roznava – Szerencs, Hungary
Tisovec – Putnok, Hungary

[edit] Slovenia

Ljubljana – Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Nottingham, UK; Bratislava, Slovakia; Pesaro, ITA; Parma, ITA; Chemnitz, GER; Sousse, Tunisia; Wiesbaden, GER; Tbilisi, Georgia; Leverkusen, GER; Reka, Croatia; Ploče, Croatia; Vienna, AUT; Athens, Greece; Moscow, Russian federation; Zagreb, Croatia; Sarajevo, Bosnia and Hercegovina; Region de Bruxelles - capitale, Belgium; Moscow Region, Russian Federation
Maribor – Graz, Austria (1987); St. Petersburg, Russia
Kranj – Oldham, UK
Koper – Ferrara, IT; Muggia, IT; Buzet, CRO; Žilina, Slovakia; Corfu, Greece; San Dorligo della Valle - Dolina pri Trstu, IT; Jiuijang, China
Zreče – Sedbergh, UK

[edit] Spain

A Coruña - Cádiz, Spain
Antequera - Agde, Herault, France
Almansa – Lymington, UK
Alcalá de Henares – Alba Iulia, Romania; Peterborough, UK
Altea – Sherborne, UK
Barcelona – Cologne, Germany (1984); Gdańsk, Poland; Isfahan, Iran; Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1996); Dublin, Ireland
Bilbao – Tbilisi, Georgia; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Buenos Aires and Rosario, Argentina; Qingdao, China
Cádiz – Brest, France (1986)
Cuenca – L'Aquila, Italy
Elda – Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
Granada – Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany (1991)
Guadalajara – Roanne, France (1980)
Huelva – Genoa, Italy
Madrid – Berlin, Germany (1988)
Málaga – Passau, Germany
Oviedo – Bochum, Germany; Tampa, USA
San Sebastián – Daira de Bojador, Western Sahara; Trento, Italy;Wiesbaden, Germany (1981)
Santa Pola – Mazara del Vallo, Italy
Seville – Kansas City, Missouri, USA
Toledo – Toledo, Ohio, USA (1931)
Tobarra - Híjar, Spain
Vigo – Lorient, France

[edit] Sweden

Eskilstuna – Erlangen, Germany (1961); Esbjerg, Denmark; Jyväskylä, Finland (1947); Luton, UK
Gävle – Buffalo City, South Africa
Göteborg – Shanghai, China
Helsingborg – Helsingør, Denmark; Alexandria, USA; Dubrovnik, Croatia; Pärnu, Estonia
Kalmar – Gdańsk, Poland
Karlskoga – Narva, Estonia
Karlstad – Moss, Norway
Leksand – Lillehammer, Norway
Linköping – Guangzhou and Macao, China; Isafjardarbaer, Iceland; Joensuu, Finland; Kaunas, Lithuania; Linz, Austria; Oradea, Romania; Roskilde, Denmark; Tønsberg, Norway
Luleå – Tromsø, Norway (1950)
Malmö – Newcastle, UK; Tallinn, Estonia; Szczecin, Poland; Stralsund, Germany; Florence, Italy; Varna, Bulgaria; Tangshan, China; Port Adelaide, Australia; Kaliningrad, Russia
Norrköping – Esslingen am Neckar, Germany (1960s); Klaksvík, Faroe Islands; Kopavógur, Iceland; Linz, Austria (1995); Odense, Denmark (1940s); Riga, Latvia (1990s); Tammerfors, Finland (1940s); Trondheim, Norway (1940s)
Oskarshamn – Port Shepstone, South Africa
Oxelösund – Sherborne, UK
Ronneby – Aakirkeby, Denmark; Elbląg, Poland; Høyanger, Norway; Johnson City, Tennessee, US; Mänttä, Finland; Slavsk, Russia
Stockholm – Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1997)
Umeå – Harstad, Norway; Helsingør, Denmark; Petrozavodsk, Russia; Saskatoon, Canada; Vaasa, Finland; Würzburg, Germany; Gustavia, Saint-Barthélemy (part of France)
Uppsala – Minneapolis, USA
Vänersborg – Herning, Denmark; Kangasala, Finland; Eidi, Faroe Islands; Aarsuk, Greenland; Siglufjördur, Island; Holmestrand, Norway
Växjö – Pendleton, Oregon, USA; Salem, Oregon, USA (inactive)
Örnsköldsvik – Äänekoski, Finland; Brande, Denmark; Hveragerði, Iceland; Sigdal, Norway; Tarp, Germany

[edit] Switzerland

Main article: List of twin towns and sister cities in Switzerland

[edit] Turkey

Ankara – Ashgabat, Turkmenistan; Astana, Kazakhstan; Beijing, China; Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan; Bucharest, Romania; Chişinău, Moldova; Dushanbe, Tajikistan; Islamabad, Pakistan; Hanoi, Vietnam; Kiev, Ukraine; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Kuwait, Kuwait; Lefkosa, TRNC; Manama, Bahrain; Moscow, Russia; Chile, Chile; Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1994); Seoul, South Korea; Skopje,Macedonia; Sofia, Bulgaria; Tbilisi, Georgia; Tirana, Albania; Ufa, Russia
Bursa – Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1979)
Develi – Vierzon, France
Diyarbekir – Nashville, Tennessee, USA (2005)
Istanbul – Almaty, Kazakhstan; Amman, Jordan; Barcelona, Spain; Berlin, Germany (1988); Busan, South Korea (2002); Cairo, Egypt; Cologne, Germany (1997); Constanţa, Romania; Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Durrës, Albania; Houston, Texas, USA; Isfahan, Iran; Jakarta, Indonesia; Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Kazan, Russia; Khartoum, Sudan; Mary, Turkmenistan; Odessa, Ukraine; Osh, Kyrgyzstan; Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Rabat, Morocco; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1997); Shanghai, China; Shimonoseki, Japan; Saint Petersburg, Russia; Skopje, FYROM
Izmir – Innsbruck, Austria
Konya – Barlad, Romania
Pamukkale – Eger, Hungary
Urgup - Larisa, Greece