Javed Ahmad Ghamidi
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| Pakistani scholar Modern era |
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| Name: | Javed Ahmed Ghamidi |
| Birth: | April 18, 1951 |
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| Main interests: | Islamic law and Quranic exegesis |
| Notable ideas: | Separation of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) from Sharia (Divine law) |
| Influences: | Amin Ahsan Islahi, Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi, and Hamiduddin Farahi |
| Pakistan |
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Other countries • Politics Portal |
Javed Ahmed Ghamidi (Urdu: جاوید احمد غامدی) (b. 1951) is a well-known Pakistani Islamic scholar, exegete, and educationist.
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[edit] Introduction
Javed Ahmed Ghamidi was born on 18th April, 1951. He studied traditional Islamic disciplines and is a graduate in English literature from Government College, Lahore. He is the director of Al-Mawrid Institute of Islamic Sciences. He is also member of Council of Islamic Ideology[1], a constitutional body responsible for giving legal advice on Islamic issues to Government and the Parliament.
[edit] Interaction with other Islamic scholars
Ghamidi worked closely with Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi (سيد أبو الأعلى المودودي, alternative spelling Syed Maudoodi; often referred to as Maulana Maududi) (1903–1979) for about nine years before voicing his first differences of opinion, which led to his subsequent expulsion from Mawdudi's political party, Jamaat-e-Islami in 1977. Later, he developed his own view of religion based on hermeneutics and ijtihad under the influence of his mentor, Amin Ahsan Islahi (1904–1997), a well-known exegete of the Indian sub-continent who is author of Tadabbur-i-Qur’an, a Tafsir (exegeses of Qur'an). Ghamidi's critique of Mawdudi's thought is an extension of Wahid al-Din Khan’s criticism of Mawdudi. Khan (1925- ) was amongst the first scholars from within the ranks of Jamaat-e-Islami to present a fully-fledged critique of Mawdudi’s understanding of religion. Khan’s contention is that Mawdudi has completely inverted the Qur’anic worldview. Ghamidi, for his part, agreed with Khan that the basic obligation in Islam is not the establishment of an Islamic world order but servitude to God, and that it is to help and guide humans in their effort to fulfill that obligation for which religion is revealed. Therefore, Islam never imposed the obligation on its individual adherents or on the Islamic state to be constantly in a state of war against the non-Islamic world. In fact, according to Ghamidi, even the formation of an Islamic state is not a basic religious obligation for Muslims.[2]
[edit] Ideology
Ghamidi’s understanding of Islamic law has been presented concisely in his book Mizan. Ghamidi's inspiration from his mentor, Amin Ahsan Islahi and non-traditionalist approach to the religion has parted him from traditionalist understanding on a number of issues. He is frequently labeled a modernist for his insistence on the historical contextualization of Muhammad's revelation in order to grasp its true moral import.[3] Some of the notable points which he mentioned in his writings are summarized below.
[edit] Jihad
Ghamidi believes that there are certain directives of the Qur’an pertaining to war which were specific only to the prophet Muhammad and certain specified peoples of his times (particularly the progeny of Abraham: the Ishmaelites, the Israelites, and the Nazarites). Thus, the prophet and his designated followers waged a war against Divinely specified peoples of their time (the polytheists and the Israelites and Nazarites of Arabia and some other Jews, Christians, et al) as a form of Divine punishment and asked the polytheists of Arabia for submission to Islam as a condition for exoneration and the others for jizya and submission to the political authority of the Muslims for exemption from death punishment and for military protection as the dhimmis of the Muslims. Therefore, after the prophet and his companions, there is no concept in Islam obliging Muslims to wage war for propagation or implementation of Islam. The only valid basis for jihad through arms is to end oppression when all other measures have failed.[4] Another corollary, in his opinion, is that death punishment for apostasy was also specifically for the recipients of the same Divine punishment during the prophet's times -- for they had persistently denied the truth of the prophet's mission even after it had been made conclusively evident to them by God through the prophet.[5]
The formation of an Islamic state is not a religious obligation per se upon the Muslims. However, he believes that if and when Muslims form a state of their own, Islam does impose certain religious obligations on its rulers as establishment of the institution of salah (obligatory prayer), zakah (mandatory charity), and 'amr bi'l-ma'ruf wa nahi 'ani'l-munkar (preservation and promotion of society's good conventions and customs and eradication of social vices; this, in Ghamidi's opinion, should be done in modern times through courts, police, etc. in accordance with the law of the land which, as the government itself, must be based on the opinion of the majority).[2]
[edit] Social laws
Head covering for women is a preferred part of Muslim social custom and tradition, but it is not a directive of the shariah (Divine law). The Qur'an has created a distinction between men and women only to maintain family relations and relationships.[6]
[edit] Penal laws
- The Islamic punishments of hudud (Islamic law) are maximum pronouncements that can be mitigated by a court of law on the basis of extenuating circumstances.[7]
- The shariah (Divine law) does not stipulate any fixed amount for the diyya (monetary compensation for unintentional murder); the determination of the amount—for the unintentional murder of a man or a woman—has been left to the conventions of society.[7]
- Ceteris paribus (all other things being equal), a woman's testimony is equal to that of a man's.[8]
- Rape is maleficence in land and is severely punishable under Quranic verses 5:33-34, which does not require four witnesses to register the case while punishment for adultery is hundred lashes for married as well as unmarried person, and it requires four witnesses to register the case.[7]
[edit] Sources of Islam
- The shariah is from God while Fiqh (rulings of Islamic jurists) is purely a human work based on social norms, human instincts, traditions, and thoughts. Former cannot be challenged.[9]
- Just like Quran, Sunnah (the way of the prophet) is only what Muslim nation received through ijma (consensus of companions of the prophet) and tawatur (perpetual adherence of Muslim nation).[9]
- Unlike Quran and Sunnah, hadith (individual reports from prophet Muhammad) may or may not be an independent source of shariah, depending on if it harmonizes with basic sources.[9]
[edit] Miscellaneous
- Isra and Mi'raj (ascension of prophet Muhammad), was a dream. It was a mode of revelation for the prophet in symbolic form for the guidance of Muslim nation. This event also foretold Muslims that God would now raise Muslims as a superpower and Jerusalem would soon fall into their hands.[1]
- Jesus was rescued, given death in this world, and then raised bodily by Allah (The God).[2]
[edit] Resignation from Council of Islamic Ideology
- See also: Hudood Ordinance
Javed Ahmed Ghamidi resigned in September 2006[10] from Council of Islamic Ideology (CII),[1] which is a constitutional body responsible for giving legal advice on Islamic issues to the Government and the Parliament. His resignation has been rejected by the President of Pakistan.[11] He resigned when Government under pressure of MMA formed a separate committee of Ulema to review the bill regarding women rights. Ghamidi said this was a breach of the CII's jurisdiction, since the very purpose of the council is to ensure that Pakistan's laws do not conflict with the teachings of Islam. He also said that the amendments in the bill proposed by the Ulema committee were against the injunctions of Islam. This event occurred when MMA threatened to resign from assemblies, if Government amends Hudood Ordinance,[12] which was made under Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization, since then, it has been criticized for its exceptionally difficult and dangerous procedure to prove an allegation of rape.[13]
[edit] Bibliography
[edit] Primary sources
- Ghamidi, Javed (2001). Mizan. Dar al-Ishraq. OCLC 52901690. — A comprehensive treatise on the contents of Islam
- Ghamidi, Javed (2000). Burhan (pdf) (in Urdu), Danish Sara. OCLC 50518567. — A dissertation in which contemporary religious thoughts have been critically analyzed
- Ghamidi, Javed (2000). Al-Bayan. Danish Sara. -- An annotated translation of the Divine message with a view to unfold its coherence[14]
[edit] Secondary Sources
- Iftikhar, Asif (2005). Jihad and the Establishment of Islamic Global Order: A Comparative Study of the Interpretative Approaches and Worldviews of Abu al-A‘la Mawdudi and Javed Ahmad Ghamidi. (Master's Thesis). Montreal: McGill University. OCLC 61742999.
- Esposito, John (2003). The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195125584.
[edit] Notes
- ^ a b Council of Islamic Ideology, Pakistan Government
- ^ a b Iftikhar(2005)
- ^ Esposito(2003) p.93
- ^ Mizan, The Islamic Law of Jihad
- ^ Islamic Punishments: Some Misconceptions, Renaissance - Monthly Islamic Journal, 12(9), 2002.
- ^ Mizan, The Social Law of Islam
- ^ a b c Mizan, The Penal Law of Islam
- ^ The Law of Evidence, Renaissance - Monthly Islamic Journal, 12(9), 2002.
- ^ a b c Mizan, Sources of Islam
- ^ Editorial: Hudood laws, Ghamidi’s resignation and CII — government wrong on all counts, Daily Times, September 22, 2006
- ^ Musharraf rejects Ghamdi’s resignation, Daily Times, November 06, 2006
- ^ MMA threatens to quit Parliament over Hudood laws, Zee News, September 5, 2006.
- ^ WAF rejects Hudood law amendments, Dawn, September 13, 2006.
- ^ The portions translated as yet are: the last group Al-Mulk to An-Nas and a major part of Al-Baqara
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Profile
- Press against early teaching of Qur‘an
- TV talk shows with Javed Ahmed Ghamidi.[3][4]
- Against punishment for apostasy
- Debate on Hudood Ordinance.[5][6]
- Books written by Ghamidi
- Articles available on the internet written by Javed Ahmed Ghamidi.[7][8]
- Ghamidi's criticism on Arm forces in politics (Urdu).
- Resignation of Javed Ahmed Ghamidi from CII
