Daftar penerima Nobel
Dari Wikipedia Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas berbahasa Indonesia.
Pemenang Hadiah Nobel ialah ilmuwan, penulis dan juru damai yang telah dihadiahi di bidang usahanya, dan yang dikenal secara berkelompok sebagai penerima Nobel atau pemenang Hadiah Nobel.
Untuk keterangan lebih lengkap, lihat pada artikel masing-masing kategori.
Daftar isi |
[sunting] Fisika
2006 John C. Mather, George F. Smoot
2005 Roy J. Glauber, John L. Hall, Theodor W. Hänsch
2004 David J. Gross, H. David Politzer, Frank Wilczek
2003 Alexei A. Abrikosov, Vitaly L. Ginzburg, Anthony J. Leggett
2002 Raymond Davis Jr., Masatoshi Koshiba, Riccardo Giacconi
2001 Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman
2000 Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby
1999 Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G. Veltman
1998 Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui
1997 Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips
1996 David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson
1995 Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines
1994 Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G. Shull
1993 Russell A. Hulse, Joseph H. Taylor Jr.
1991 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
1990 Jerome I. Friedman, Henry W. Kendall, Richard E. Taylor
1989 Norman F. Ramsey, Hans G. Dehmelt, Wolfgang Paul
1988 Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, Jack Steinberger
1987 J. Georg Bednorz, K. Alex Müller
1986 Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer
1985 Klaus von Klitzing
1984 Carlo Rubbia, Simon van der Meer
1983 Subramanyan Chandrasekhar, William A. Fowler
1982 Kenneth G. Wilson
1981 Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur L. Schawlow, Kai M. Siegbahn
1979 Sheldon Glashow, Abdus Salam, Steven Weinberg
1978 Pyotr Kapitsa, Arno Penzias, Robert Woodrow Wilson
1977 Philip W. Anderson, Sir Nevill F. Mott, John H. van Vleck
1976 Burton Richter, Samuel C.C. Ting
1975 Aage N. Bohr, Ben R. Mottelson, James Rainwater
1974 Martin Ryle, Antony Hewish
1973 Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever, Brian D. Josephson
1972 John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper, Robert Schrieffer
1970 Hannes Alfvén, Louis Néel
1968 Luis Alvarez
1966 Alfred Kastler
1965 Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger, Richard P. Feynman
1964 Charles H. Townes, Nicolay G. Basov, Aleksandr M. Prokhorov
1963 Eugene Wigner, Maria Goeppert-Mayer, J. Hans D. Jensen
1961 Robert Hofstadter, Rudolf Mössbauer
1959 Emilio Segrè, Owen Chamberlain
1958 Pavel A. Cherenkov, Il´ja M. Frank, Igor Y. Tamm
1957 Chen Ning Yang, Tsung-Dao Lee
1956 William B. Shockley, John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain
1955 Willis E. Lamb, Polykarp Kusch
1953 Frits Zernike
1952 Felix Bloch, E. M. Purcell
1951 John Cockcroft, Ernest T.S. Walton
1950 Cecil Powell
1948 Patrick M.S. Blackett
1947 Edward V. Appleton
1946 Percy W. Bridgman
1939 Ernest Lawrence
1937 Clinton Davisson, George Paget Thomson
1936 Victor F. Hess, Carl D. Anderson
1933 Erwin Schrödinger, Paul A.M. Dirac
1928 Owen Willans Richardson
1927 Arthur H. Compton, C.T.R. Wilson
1925 James Franck, Gustav Hertz
1924 Manne Siegbahn
1923 Robert A. Millikan
1920 Charles Edouard Guillaume
1919 Johannes Stark
1915 William Lawrence Bragg
1914 Max von Laue
1913 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
1912 Gustaf Dalén
1910 Johannes Diderik van der Waals
1909 Guglielmo Marconi, Ferdinand Braun
1905 Philipp Lenard
1904 Lord Rayleigh
1903 Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie, Maria Skłodowska-Curie
1902 Hendrik A. Lorentz, Pieter Zeeman
[sunting] Kimia
2006 | Roger D. Kornberg |
2005 | Robert Grubbs, Richard Schrock, Yves Chauvin |
2004 | Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Irwin Rose |
2003 | Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon |
2002 | John B. Fenn, Koichi Tanaka, Kurt Wüthrich |
2001 | William S. Knowles, Ryoji Noyori, K. Barry Sharpless |
2000 | Alan Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa |
1999 | Ahmed Zewail |
1998 | Walter Kohn, John Pople |
1997 | Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker, Jens C. Skou |
1996 | Robert F. Curl Jr., Sir Harold Kroto, Richard E. Smalley |
1995 | Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina, F. Sherwood Rowland |
1994 | George A. Olah |
1993 | Kary B. Mullis, Michael Smith |
1992 | Rudolph A. Marcus |
1991 | Richard R. Ernst |
1990 | Elias James Corey |
1989 | Sidney Altman, Thomas R. Cech |
1988 | Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel |
1987 | Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles J. Pedersen |
1986 | Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee, John C. Polanyi |
1985 | Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle |
1984 | Bruce Merrifield |
1983 | Henry Taube |
1982 | Aaron Klug |
1981 | Kenichi Fukui, Roald Hoffmann |
1980 | Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, Frederick Sanger |
1979 | Herbert C. Brown, Georg Wittig |
1978 | Peter Mitchell |
1977 | Ilya Prigogine |
1976 | William Lipscomb |
1975 | John Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog |
1974 | Paul J. Flory |
1973 | Ernst Otto Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson |
1972 | Christian Anfinsen, Stanford Moore, William H. Stein |
1971 | Gerhard Herzberg |
1970 | Luis Leloir |
1969 | Derek Barton, Odd Hassel |
1968 | Lars Onsager |
1967 | Manfred Eigen, Ronald G.W. Norrish, George Porter |
1966 | Robert S. Mulliken |
1965 | Robert B. Woodward |
1964 | Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin |
1963 | Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta |
1962 | Max F. Perutz, John C. Kendrew |
1961 | Melvin Calvin |
1960 | Willard F. Libby |
1959 | Jaroslav Heyrovsky |
1958 | Frederick Sanger |
1957 | Lord Todd |
1956 | Sir Cyril Hinshelwood, Nikolay Semenov |
1955 | Vincent du Vigneaud |
1954 | Linus Pauling |
1953 | Hermann Staudinger |
1952 | Edwin M. McMillan, Glenn T. Seaborg |
1951 | Max Theiler |
1950 | Otto Diels, Kurt Alder |
1949 | William F. Giauque |
1948 | Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius |
1947 | Sir Robert Robinson |
1946 | James B. Sumner, John H. Northrop, Wendell M. Stanley |
1945 | Artturi Virtanen |
1944 | Otto Hahn |
1943 | George de Hevesy |
1939 | Adolf Butenandt, Leopold Ruzicka |
1938 | Richard Kuhn |
1937 | Norman Haworth, Paul Karrer |
1936 | Peter Debye |
1935 | Frédéric Joliot-Curie, Irène Joliot-Curie |
1934 | Harold C. Urey |
1932 | Irving Langmuir |
1931 | Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergius |
1930 | Hans Fischer |
1929 | Arthur Harden, Hans von Euler-Chelpin |
1928 | Adolf Windaus |
1927 | Heinrich Wieland |
1926 | The Svedberg |
1925 | Richard Zsigmondy |
1923 | Fritz Pregl |
1922 | Francis W. Aston |
1921 | Frederick Soddy |
1920 | Walther Nernst |
1918 | Fritz Haber |
1915 | Richard Willstätter |
1914 | Theodore William Richards |
1913 | Alfred Werner |
1912 | Victor Grignard, Paul Sabatier |
1911 | Maria Skłodowska-Curie |
1910 | Otto Wallach |
1909 | Wilhelm Ostwald |
1908 | Ernest Rutherford |
1907 | Eduard Buchner |
1906 | Henri Moissan |
1905 | Adolf von Baeyer |
1904 | Sir William Ramsay |
1903 | Svante Arrhenius |
1902 | Emil Fischer |
1901 | Jacobus H. van 't Hoff |
[sunting] Fisiologi atau Kedokteran
2006 | Andrew Z. Fire, Craig C. Mello |
2005 | Barry J. Marshall, J. Robin Warren |
2004 | Richard Axel, Linda B. Buck |
2003 | Paul C. Lauterbur, Peter Mansfield |
2002 | Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz, John E. Sulston |
2001 | Leland H. Hartwell, Tim Hunt, Sir Paul Nurse |
2000 | Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard, Eric R. Kandel |
1999 | Günter Blobel |
1998 | Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, Ferid Murad |
1997 | Stanley B. Prusiner |
1996 | Peter C. Doherty, Rolf M. Zinkernagel |
1995 | Edward B. Lewis, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, Eric F. Wieschaus |
1994 | Alfred G. Gilman, Martin Rodbell |
1993 | Richard J. Roberts, Phillip A. Sharp |
1992 | Edmond H. Fischer, Edwin G. Krebs |
1991 | Erwin Neher, Bert Sakmann |
1990 | Joseph E. Murray, E. Donnall Thomas |
1989 | J. Michael Bishop, Harold E. Varmus |
1988 | James W. Black, Gertrude B. Elion, George H. Hitchings |
1987 | Susumu Tonegawa |
1986 | Stanley Cohen, Rita Levi-Montalcini |
1985 | Michael S. Brown, Joseph L. Goldstein |
1984 | Niels K. Jerne, Georges J.F. Köhler, César Milstein |
1983 | Barbara McClintock |
1982 | Sune K. Bergström, Bengt I. Samuelsson, John R. Vane |
1981 | Roger W. Sperry, David H. Hubel, Torsten N. Wiesel |
1980 | Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset, George D. Snell |
1979 | Allan M. Cormack, Godfrey N. Hounsfield |
1978 | Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, Hamilton O. Smith |
1977 | Roger Guillemin, Andrew V. Schally, Rosalyn Yalow |
1976 | Baruch S. Blumberg, D. Carleton Gajdusek |
1975 | David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, Howard M. Temin |
1974 | Albert Claude, Christian de Duve, George E. Palade |
1973 | Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz, Nikolaas Tinbergen |
1972 | Gerald M. Edelman, Rodney R. Porter |
1971 | Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. |
1970 | Sir Bernard Katz, Ulf von Euler, Julius Axelrod |
1969 | Max Delbrück, Alfred D. Hershey, Salvador E. Luria |
1968 | Robert W. Holley, H. Gobind Khorana, Marshall W. Nirenberg |
1967 | Ragnar Granit, Haldan K. Hartline, George Wald |
1966 | Peyton Rous, Charles B. Huggins |
1965 | François Jacob, André Lwoff, Jacques Monod |
1964 | Konrad Bloch, Feodor Lynen |
1963 | Sir John Eccles, Alan L. Hodgkin, Andrew Huxley |
1962 | Francis Crick, James Watson, Maurice Wilkins |
1961 | Georg von Békésy |
1960 | Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Peter Medawar |
1959 | Severo Ochoa, Arthur Kornberg |
1958 | George Beadle, Edward Tatum, Joshua Lederberg |
1957 | Daniel Bovet |
1956 | André F. Cournand, Werner Forssmann, Dickinson W. Richards |
1955 | Hugo Theorell |
1954 | John F. Enders, Thomas H. Weller, Frederick C. Robbins |
1953 | Hans Krebs, Fritz Lipmann |
1952 | Selman A. Waksman |
1951 | Max Theiler |
1950 | Edward C. Kendall, Tadeus Reichstein, Philip S. Hench |
1949 | Walter Hess, Egas Moniz |
1948 | Paul Müller |
1947 | Carl Cori, Gerty Cori, Bernardo Houssay |
1946 | Hermann J. Muller |
1945 | Sir Alexander Fleming, Ernst B. Chain, Sir Howard Florey |
1944 | Joseph Erlanger, Herbert S. Gasser |
1943 | Henrik Dam, Edward A. Doisy |
1939 | Gerhard Domagk |
1938 | Corneille Heymans |
1937 | Albert Szent-Györgyi |
1936 | Sir Henry Dale, Otto Loewi |
1935 | Hans Spemann |
1934 | George H. Whipple, George R. Minot, William P. Murphy |
1933 | Thomas H. Morgan |
1932 | Sir Charles Sherrington, Edgar Adrian |
1931 | Otto Warburg |
1930 | Karl Landsteiner |
1929 | Christiaan Eijkman, Sir Frederick Hopkins |
1928 | Charles Nicolle |
1927 | Julius Wagner-Jauregg |
1926 | Johannes Fibiger |
1924 | Willem Einthoven |
1923 | Frederick G. Banting, John James Richard Macleod |
1922 | Archibald Vivian Hill, Otto Meyerhof |
1920 | August Krogh |
1919 | Jules Bordet |
1914 | Robert Bárány |
1913 | Charles R. Richet |
1912 | Alexis Carrel |
1911 | Allvar Gullstrand |
1910 | Albrecht Kossel |
1909 | Theodor Kocher |
1908 | Ilya Mechnikov, Paul Ehrlich |
1907 | Alphonse Laveran |
1906 | Camillo Golgi, Santiago Ramón y Cajal |
1905 | Robert Koch |
1904 | Ivan Pavlov |
1903 | Niels Ryberg Finsen |
1902 | Ronald Ross |
1901 | Emil von Behring |
[sunting] Sastra
2006 | Orhan Pamuk |
2005 | Harold Pinter |
2004 | Elfriede Jelinek |
2003 | J.M. Coetzee |
2002 | Imre Kertész |
2001 | V.S. Naipaul |
2000 | Gao Xingjian |
1999 | Günter Grass |
1998 | José Saramago |
1997 | Dario Fo |
1996 | Wislawa Szymborska |
1995 | Seamus Heaney |
1994 | Kenzaburo Oe |
1993 | Toni Morrison |
1992 | Derek Walcott |
1991 | Nadine Gordimer |
1990 | Octavio Paz |
1989 | Camilo José Cela |
1988 | Naguib Mahfouz |
1987 | Joseph Brodsky |
1986 | Wole Soyinka |
1985 | Claude Simon |
1984 | Jaroslav Seifert |
1983 | William Golding |
1982 | Gabriel García Márquez |
1981 | Elias Canetti |
1980 | Czeslaw Milosz |
1979 | Odysseus Elytis |
1978 | Isaac Bashevis Singer |
1977 | Vicente Aleixandre |
1976 | Saul Bellow |
1975 | Eugenio Montale |
1974 | Eyvind Johnson, Harry Martinson |
1973 | Patrick White |
1972 | Heinrich Böll |
1971 | Pablo Neruda |
1970 | Alexander Solzhenitsyn |
1969 | Samuel Beckett |
1968 | Yasunari Kawabata |
1967 | Miguel Ángel Asturias |
1966 | Samuel Agnon, Nelly Sachs |
1965 | Mikhail Sholokhov |
1964 | Jean-Paul Sartre |
1963 | Giorgos Seferis |
1962 | John Steinbeck |
1961 | Ivo Andric |
1960 | Saint-John Perse |
1959 | Salvatore Quasimodo |
1958 | Boris Pasternak |
1957 | Albert Camus |
1956 | Juan Ramón Jiménez |
1955 | Halldór Laxness |
1954 | Ernest Hemingway |
1953 | Winston Churchill |
1952 | François Mauriac |
1951 | Pär Lagerkvist |
1950 | Bertrand Russell |
1949 | William Faulkner |
1948 | T.S. Eliot |
1947 | André Gide |
1946 | Hermann Hesse |
1945 | Gabriela Mistral |
1944 | Johannes V. Jensen |
1939 | Frans Eemil Sillanpää |
1938 | Pearl Buck |
1937 | Roger Martin du Gard |
1936 | Eugene O'Neill |
1934 | Luigi Pirandello |
1933 | Ivan Bunin |
1932 | John Galsworthy |
1931 | Erik Axel Karlfeldt |
1930 | Sinclair Lewis |
1929 | Thomas Mann |
1928 | Sigrid Undset |
1927 | Henri Bergson |
1926 | Grazia Deledda |
1925 | George Bernard Shaw |
1924 | Wladyslaw Reymont |
1923 | William Butler Yeats |
1922 | Jacinto Benavente |
1921 | Anatole France |
1920 | Knut Hamsun |
1919 | Carl Spitteler |
1917 | Karl Gjellerup, Henrik Pontoppidan |
1916 | Verner von Heidenstam |
1915 | Romain Rolland |
1913 | Rabindranath Tagore |
1912 | Gerhart Hauptmann |
1911 | Maurice Maeterlinck |
1910 | Paul Heyse |
1909 | Selma Lagerlöf |
1908 | Rudolf Eucken |
1907 | Rudyard Kipling |
1906 | Giosuè Carducci |
1905 | Henryk Sienkiewicz |
1904 | Frédéric Mistral, José Echegaray |
1903 | Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson |
1902 | Theodor Mommsen |
1901 | Sully Prudhomme |
[sunting] Perdamaian
2006 | Muhammad Yunus dan Grameen Bank |
2005 | Mohamed ElBaradei dan IAEA |
2004 | Wangari Maathai |
2003 | Shirin Ebadi |
2002 | Jimmy Carter |
2001 | PBB, Kofi Annan |
2000 | Kim Dae-jung |
1999 | Médecins Sans Frontières |
1998 | John Hume, David Trimble |
1997 | International Campaign to Ban Landmines, Jody Williams |
1996 | Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo, José Ramos-Horta |
1995 | Joseph Rotblat, Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs |
1994 | Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin |
1993 | Nelson Mandela, F.W. de Klerk |
1992 | Rigoberta Menchú Tum |
1991 | Aung San Suu Kyi |
1990 | Mikhail Gorbachev |
1989 | Dalai Lama XIV |
1988 | United Nations Peacekeeping Forces |
1987 | Óscar Arias Sánchez |
1986 | Elie Wiesel |
1985 | International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War |
1984 | Desmond Tutu |
1983 | Lech Walesa |
1982 | Alva Myrdal, Alfonso García Robles |
1981 | Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |
1980 | Adolfo Pérez Esquivel |
1979 | Bunda Teresa |
1978 | Anwar al-Sadat, Menachem Begin |
1977 | Amnesty International |
1976 | Betty Williams, Mairead Corrigan |
1975 | Andrei Sakharov |
1974 | Seán MacBride, Eisaku Sato |
1973 | Henry Kissinger, Le Duc Tho |
1971 | Willy Brandt |
1970 | Norman Borlaug |
1969 | International Labour Organization |
1968 | René Cassin |
1965 | United Nations Children's Fund |
1964 | Martin Luther King |
1963 | International Committee of the Red Cross, League of Red Cross Societies |
1962 | Linus Pauling |
1961 | Dag Hammarskjöld |
1960 | Albert Lutuli |
1959 | Philip Noel-Baker |
1958 | Georges Pire |
1957 | Lester Bowles Pearson |
1954 | Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |
1953 | George C. Marshall |
1952 | Albert Schweitzer |
1951 | Léon Jouhaux |
1950 | Ralph Bunche |
1949 | Lord Boyd Orr |
1947 | Friends Service Council, American Friends Service Committee |
1946 | Emily Greene Balch, John R. Mott |
1945 | Cordell Hull |
1944 | International Committee of the Red Cross |
1938 | Nansen International Office for Refugees |
1937 | Robert Cecil |
1936 | Carlos Saavedra Lamas |
1935 | Carl von Ossietzky |
1934 | Arthur Henderson |
1933 | Sir Norman Angell |
1931 | Jane Addams, Nicholas Murray Butler |
1930 | Nathan Söderblom |
1929 | Frank B. Kellogg |
1927 | Ferdinand Buisson, Ludwig Quidde |
1926 | Aristide Briand, Gustav Stresemann |
1925 | Sir Austen Chamberlain, Charles G. Dawes |
1922 | Fridtjof Nansen |
1921 | Hjalmar Branting, Christian Lange |
1920 | Léon Bourgeois |
1919 | Woodrow Wilson |
1917 | International Committee of the Red Cross |
1913 | Henri La Fontaine |
1912 | Elihu Root |
1911 | Tobias Asser, Alfred Fried |
1910 | Permanent International Peace Bureau |
1909 | Auguste Beernaert, Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant |
1908 | Klas Pontus Arnoldson, Fredrik Bajer |
1907 | Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Louis Renault |
1906 | Theodore Roosevelt |
1905 | Bertha von Suttner |
1904 | Institute of International Law |
1903 | Randal Cremer |
1902 | Élie Ducommun, Albert Gobat |
1901 | Henry Dunant, Frédéric Passy |
[sunting] Ekonomi
Kategori Hadiah Nobel Ekonomi tidaklah secara teknis merupakan Hadiah Nobel walaupun dihadiahkan di saat yang bersamaan.