User:FerKo/bully

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2005. november 26-án szombaton a Times-ban,a BBC-ben és más lapokban is foglalkoznak tudósítások a bulizás különböző eseteivel. A BBC például azt mutatja be, hogy az angol tengerészetnél a katonák beavatási szertartása (hazing) során mesztelenre vetkőzött katonáknak csoportosan kell egymást ütniük, úgy, hogy mindkét karjukra a kutyakiképzésben használt védő van felerősítva. Aki vonakodik, azt az altisztek ütik meg, és a videon látható, hogy egy altiszt úgy fejberúg egy térdelő újoncot, hogy az elájul. A tiszthelyettesek szerint ez a ritus növeli a harciasságot és a katonák "katonásságát".

Az ügyet most bűncselekmény gyanuja miatti nyomozati szakaszban vizsgálják.

Egyértelműsítés:

buli - jégkorongban

buli - szórakozásban

buli - társadalmi érintkezésben

A buli (bully angol szó) egyike azoknak a nehéz eseteknek, amikor az angol nyelvben egyetlen szóval neveznek meg egy olyan dolgot, amely ugyan a magyar társadalomban is létezik, de valamiért nem alakult ki egy egyetlen szóból vagy kifjezésből álló elnevezés az adott jelenségre. Mivel az angol szó főnév, és igeként is használható, ezért a tömörsége és információtartalma igen erős, és emiatt nem lesz könnyű megfelelő magyar szót találni a kifjezés végleges helyettesítésére.

A szó egyéb, tágabb értelmű használata (Lásd még) az angol nyelvben az abúzus Sablon:Abuse

A buli vagy bully olyan személy, aki mások gyötrésében talál örömet, akár a szavakkal zaklatás útján és/vagy fizikai támadás révén, akár a kínzás finomabb módszereivel teszi azt.

Az ilyen szemét, kötekedő, erős, többnyire gyerek (bully) elnevezésű személy viselkedését leíró magyar igék felsorolása a teljesség igénye nélkül:

- piszkál, cikiz, csúfol, ingerel, bosszant, kötekedik, szemétkedik, zavar, basztat, rászáll, nyaggat, mérgesít, zaklat, bánt, kikezd vele, csoportosan molesztál, visszaél erejével, terrorizál, ijesztget, megfélemlít, megzsarol, gúnyol, gúnyt űz belőle, megaláz, üldöz, kínoz, kellemetlenkedik, kibabrál, gonoszkodik, erőszakoskodik, fenyeget, tetleg bántalmaz, galádul bánik vele, hepciáskodik, zargat, gyötör, lejárat, bemocskol, rossz hírét kelti, nevetségessé tesz, hírbe hoz, kifiguráz, gűnynévvel illeti, meggyaláz, nem tiszteli, kirekeszti, elszigeteli, kiközösíti, idegesíti, lelkileg és/vagy testileg bántalmazza, sérti, sértegeti, sértő nevekkel illeti, sértéseket vág a fejéhez, megrágalmazza, stb.

Tartalomjegyzék

1 A bulizó buli bulizásban megnyilvánuló bulista viselkedése
2 A bulizás típusai
3 A bulizás színhelyei
4 A bulizás következményei
5 A bulizás megakadályozásának/megelőzésének módszerei és stratégiája
6 Bulizó karakterek a tévében és a filmvásznon
7 Bulis témájú könyvek
8 Lásd még
9 Bulizással kapcsolatos hálószemek

[szerkesztés] A bulizó buli bulizásban megnyilvánuló bulista viselkedése

Az angol köznyelvben, a mindennapi szóhasználatban, a bulizás szót leginkább a zaklatásnak azon fajtájára használják, amelyet olyan gyerekek követnek el, akik valamilyen szempontból erősebbek, nagyobb a hatalmuk, mint a velük egyívású többi gyereknek. Úgyis mondhatnánk, hogy ez a későbbi bűnözők és antiszociális egyének, gátlástalan cikizők, azaz röviden: "g*cik", tanulószobája.

A téma kutatói általában egyetértenek abbba, hogy a bulizásban három lényeges és lényegi elem szerepel, úgymint: “(1) a viselkedés aggresszív és negatív; (2) a viselkedés visszatérő, ismételten megmutatkozó, szokásszerű; és (3) a viselkedés olyan helyzetekben, viszonylatban fordul elő, ahol az érintett felekre az egyenlőtlen, kiegyensúlyozatlan hatalom vagy erőviszonyok jellemzőek.”[1]

A bulizásnak az alábbi kategóriáit szokás megkülönböztetni: 1) közvetlen baszogatás, és 2) áttételes piszkálódás, másnéven szociális aggresszió.[2] A közvetlen piszkálódás és gyötrés a hímnemű egyedekre jellemző. A szociális aggresszió vagy közvetett szivatás főleg a nőnemű személyeknél és a gyermekek körében fordul elő, és az jellemzi a manővereket, hogy az áldozatot szociálisan elszigetelt helyzetbe kergetik. Ezt az elszigeteltséget számos technikával tudják előidézni, köztük: a pletykálással, a nem barátkozással, vagy társaságának elkerülésével, az áldozattal barátkozni kívánó személyek piszkálásával, az áldozat öltözködési módjának és egyéb szociálisan fontos jellemzőinek a kriizálásával (beleértve az áldozat faját, vallását, fogyatékosságát, nemét, stb.).

Bullying can occur in situations including in school or college/university, the workplace, by neighbours, and between countries (See Jingoism). Whatever the situation, the power structure is typically evident between the bully and victim. It seems to those outside the relationship that the bully's power depends only upon the perception of the victim, with the victim being too intimidated to put up effective resistance. However the victim usually has just cause to be afraid of the bully due to the threat and actually carrying out of physical/sexual violence, or loss of livelihood. Bullying is behind most claims of discrimination in the workplace.

[szerkesztés] A bulizás típusai

Bulizásnak azt nevezzük, amikor valaki ismételten olyat tesz, vagy mond, amellyel a másik embert maga alá rendeli, felette valamilyen hatalmat gyakorol. A bulizók általában a megszégyenítés és a megalázás valamilyne kombinációját használják mások gyötrésére, kínzására. Például a következő bulizó technikák ismeretesek:

Calling the victim names and stating the victim is useless at whatever they do
Spreading gossip and rumours about him/her
Threats of job loss and disciplinary action for unspecified reasons
Constant negative criticism for unspecified allegations
Taking the victim's possessions or taking control of the victim's work
Demoting the victim without just cause
Making the victim do what they do not want to do with a threat of violence or disciplinary action if they refuse
Actually following through with a threat on one occasion to ensure the victim will comply with all future orders
Cyberbullying through the use of various information technologies
repeated physical assault on a person, even when the assault is not damaging to life or limb
blackmail
getting a victim into trouble with authority
making derogatory remarks about a person's family, (particularly mother), about one's home, personal appearance, sexual orientation, religion, race or nationality.
physical attacks can include wedgies, noogies, swirlies etc.

[szerkesztés] A bulizás színhelyei

Bullying can occur in schools, universities, families, between neighbours, and in workplaces.

Schools In schools, bullying usually occurs in areas with minimal or no adult supervision. Common places include the school bus, cafeteria, hallways between classes, bathrooms, and the school-yard during recess.

An extreme case of school-yard bullying is that of an eighth grader named Curtis Taylor at a middle school in Iowa who had been the victim of continuous bullying for three years, which included name-calling, being bashed into a locker, having chocolate milk poured down his sweatshirt and vandalism of his belongings. This drove him to suicide on March 21, 1993. Some bully experts have termed this extreme reaction "bullycide".

In the 1990s, the United States saw an epidemic of school shootings (of which the most notorious was the Columbine High School massacre). Many of the children behind these shootings claimed that they were the victims of bullies and that they resorted to violence only after the school administration repeatedly failed to intervene. In many of these cases, the victims of the shooters sued both the shooters' families and the schools.

As a result of these trends, schools in many countries strongly discourage bullying, with programs designed to teach students cooperation, as well as training peer moderators in intervention and dispute resolution techniques.

Since media coverage has exposed just how widespread bullying is, juries are more likely now to sympathize with victims. In recent years, many victims have been suing bullies directly for intentional infliction of emotional distress, and including their school as a defendant under the principle of joint and several liability. American victims and their families have other legal recourse, such as suing a school or teacher for failure to adequately supervise, civil rights violations, racial or gender discrimination or harassment, or other civil rights violations. Special education students who are victimized may sue a school or school board under the ADA or Section 504.

Bullying in schools (or other institutions of higher education) may also take the form of reduced grading/non-return of assignments/segregation of competent students by incompetent/non-performing teachers, for example, to protect the reputation of a college. This is so that their programmes and internal code of conduct are never questioned, and that parents (usually the ones paying the fees), are made to believe that their children are unable to cope with the course. Typically, these attitudes serve to create the unwritten policy of 'if you're stupid, you don't deserve feedback. if you're good, you don't need it.' Frequently, such institutions (usually in Asian countries) run a franchise programme with foreign (usually Western) institutions with the clause that foreign partners have no say in local grading or codes of conduct of staff involved on the local end. It serves to create a class of 'educated fools', people with degrees who have not learned to adapt to situations and create solutions by asking the right questions and solving problems.

Workplace In the workplace, bullying is now one of the most contentious issues in the occupational health and safety arena.

However, with respect to workplaces, there are few localities that are governed by legislation which specifically targets workplace bullying. This is because lawmakers fear that those rules could be used as leverage in other industrial or interpersonal matters. Therefore most bullying claims are conducted under discrimination laws.

Cyberspace Cyberbullying occurs in electronic space. It "involves the use of information and communication technologies such as e-mail, cell phone and pager text messages, instant messaging, defamatory personal Web sites, blogs, and defamatory online personal polling Web sites, to support deliberate, repeated, and hostile behaviour by an individual or group, that is intended to harm others." -Bill Belsey

Familial Bullying in the family is normally ignored by society unless it includes a form of physical/sexual abuse. Once it does, outside parties such as the police and social services can get involved if the victim speaks up, or if the abuse has gone too far — the victim is in hospital or dead.

Neighborhood Between neighbours bullying normally takes the form of intimidation by nuisance behaviour, such as excessive noise to disturb sleep and normal living patterns, and reports to authorities such as the police for minor or made up incidents. The purpose of this form of behaviour is to make the victim so uncomfortable they move from their property. It should be noted that not all nuisance behaviour is bullying, as some individuals are unaware of other people's feelings and the havoc they are causing.

Political Bullying between countries occurs when a more powerful country such as a superpower decides to make a smaller one do its bidding. This is normally done with military force, the threat that aid and grants will not be given to the smaller country or the smaller country will not be allowed to join a trading organisation.

Military Bullying in the military may occur when a superior persists in negative behavior toward his or her inferiors. Some argue that this behavior should be allowed because the military is not subject to normal civilian laws. Since military bullying is shielded from open investigation, subordinates may commit suicide out of lack of legal recourse. Deepcut Barracks in the UK is one example of the government refusing to conduct a full public enquiry to possible military bullying. In some countries, ritual hazing among recruits has been tolerated and even lauded as a "rite of passage" that builds character and toughness; while in others, systematic bullying of lower-ranking, young or physically slight recruits may in fact be encouraged by military policy, either tacitly or overtly (see dedovschina).

[szerkesztés] A bulizás következményei

Persistent bullying may have a number of effects on an individual, and in the environment where bullying takes place.

Effects on the individual include:

Reactive Depression, a form of clinical depression caused by exogenous events
Posttraumatic stress disorder
Anxiety
Gastric problems
Unspecified aches and pains
Loss of self esteem
Relationship problems
Drug and alcohol abuse
Suicide (also known as bullycide)

Effects on a school include:

High levels of truancy
High staff turnover
Disrespect for teachers
High level of absence for minor ailments
Weapon-carrying by children for protection
Legal action
- Against the school or education authority
- Against the bully's family

See Only Wayne - a racist bullying case study in a wiki-format, that illustrates some of the unfortunate effects of bullying on a particular school community.

Effects on the organisation such as a workplace:

Loss of morale
High level of sick leave absence for depression, anxiety and backache
Decreased productivity and profit
High level of staff turnover
Loss of customers
Bad reputation in industry
Negative media attention
Legal action
- Against the organisation for personal injury
- Against the organisation and individual bully under discrimination laws

[szerkesztés] A bulizás megakadályozásának/megelőzésének módszerei és stratégiája

A multitude of methods can be deployed inorder to deal with or stop the effects of this behaviour from effecting the individual being abused. However, much of this can be very unsucessful and may need fairly ingenous and/or devious solutions which often change because of the bullyer getting to understand ways around this tactic.

Telling other people This is a situation in which the victim reports the incidents of abuse against them; however there is many problems with this method. There are often so many incidents that one cannot easily report a tremendous back-log of events they may have without people getting to the point of disbelief (for instance 1,460 cases of assult - roughly 3 times a day for aproximatly 12-15 months). Secondly, the person who is supposed to help can be a problem themselves due to incompitance and may refuse to listen.

However, telling other people may help and telling authorities such as police forces, curtain charities (including the NSPCC) or parents, head-master etc can be helpful (but it may be advicable for one to protect thier identity by remaining anonymous when reporting). If one authority fails to take actions, there are proceedures for complaint against that authority such as using inspectors or independent bodies for complaining. However, some people can be ineffective advice givers when speaking to them by saying things such as "Punch his lights out" or "Ignore it" (person denies any responsibility for tackling this issue). Curtain web-sites may carry proceedures on how to tackle this abuse, like this one for instance [Government of Canada advice and information http://www.gov.mb.ca/stopbullying/listen.html]. Some of such web-site may have contacts that give advice to people also on what to do.

Fighting back This is something that can be a natural responce (flight or flight) of a forced one. Although the abuser will often try to get the individual to fight back, possibly to intimmidate them or to appear that they themselves are being victimised and are defending them-selves from attack. Of course, one cannot allow themselves to be assulted and means by reasonable force may be the only course of action to defend a person from injuries, this does not normally involve weapons. The use of self defence is a controversial issue and indeed in many situations, it may be approapraite; but like any battle, it can go pear shaped. Some fighting to can lead to some more severe injuries that seems to be present due to the fact that individuals are fighting so hard that they do not notice pain (common on the battle field) and can lead to horrific injuries. Although, the lack of pain can be useful as this allows the person to continue fighting without being repelled by pain.

The use of weapons by both sides, leads to more horrific injuries in most cases. It is generally excepted that once under attack, that an individual can fight back to defend themselves as this is the only means to over-power the attacker once the fight has commenced. This is in the same way a cornered animal, will fight when threatened as its only means of escape is strait through you (if you corner it). Self defence courses are available and instructors are often to keen to enable a person to learn self-defence but they are often make clear, the consequences of abusing this tool by abusing others with your learned skills. Such self denfence training is known as martial art. However, most people will not recommend that this is the way to tackle this issue. Usually, the larger and stronger the opponant is; the more likily they are to overcome you. But this is not always the case because you may have fought tactically (the general idea of martial art). Of course, one must take into consideration the fact that the enermy (particullarly older people generally) can know more tactical methods of counter attacking.

Tactical management

There are other ways that people can cope with this abuse also. For example, a person may decide that it is good idea to take a dictophone (small tape recorder) with them to show evidence of this bullying, but this is generally illegal in most countries (although most people would probably see it as being worth the cost).

Other methods are things such as putting school work into a brief case rather than a school bag to prevent the offender from vadalising school work and paper-work. This however, may come with a price (i.e. the bully uses the brief-case as a weapon by taking it from you amd hitting you with it). Such objects may also be deamed unacseptable in a school for safety reasons, although there is no evidence of that. Money may be stored in the brief-case, but this only works if they do not force you to open the case to give them the money.

Other methods may be to lore them into a trap in which witnesses may be waiting. Witnesses may take pictures with mible phone camera or ordinary cameras as evidence and so forth.

Walking about with other friends as protection may scare the bullier into avioding you.

Make a record of the events as this may be able to be used to track down what is happening as evidence for making a complain. Also record any actions from the people you talk to about this abuse, if there are reactions that you do not want such as being told off for complaining; write down who these people are and what they done too.

Finding other victims may also act as evidence. Ask them to back you up!

Changing school or class-rooms are another way to aviod contact with these people.

Legal action

Using your evidence, it may be possible to take legal action against the offender, possibly through sue-ing, claiming compensation, pressing charges and so on. In the United Kingdom, such actions would be discussed with a legal adviser, soliciter or the citizens advice beuroux. It is offense to assult and hit people, sexually attack them, to use threatening behaviour, psychological abuse such as pestering and insulting, death threats, black-mail, deformation of charactor and so forth. People whom are responsible such as teachers can be fired for not doing thier jobs if they are discovered to be allowing abuse to go on without it being investigated properly.

[szerkesztés] Bulizó karakterek a tévében és a filmvásznon

Eric Cartman from South Park
Doyle Hargreves From Sling Blade
Nelson Muntz, The Simpsons
Dwayne Myers, Degrassi Junior High
Angelica Pickles from Rugrats
The Gross Sisters, The Proud Family
Emperor Palpatine in Star Wars.
Darth Vader in Star Wars.
Iago, though subtly, in Shakespeare's Othello.
A Clockwork Orange
Lord of the Flies
Judd Sergeant, Survivor: Guatemala
Sperg from The Grim Adventures Of Billy And Mandy

[szerkesztés] Bulis témájú könyvek

The Fight That Never Ends by Tim Brown
Bullying at Work: How to Confront and Overcome It by Andrea Adams
The Bully at Work: What You Can Do...by Gary Namie and Ruth Namie
Bully in sight: How to predict, resist, challenge and combat workplace bullying by Tim Field
Bullycide, Death at Playtime by Neil Marr and Tim Field
A Journey Out of Bullying: From Despair to Hope by Patricia L. Scott
"Peer Abuse Know More! Bullying From A Psychological Perspective" By Elizabeth Bennett