Doctorate
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- Cet article traite du doctorat dans les pays anglo-saxons, pour un article plus général sur les études doctorales y compris francophones, voir Doctorat
La durée d'obtention d'un doctorat en recherche varie considérablement : aux États-Unis et dans le Royaume-Uni, le minimum requis est de 3 ans après l'obtention d'un Master ou équivalent. La plupart des candidats y consacrent bien plus d'années.
Un Ph.D. est requis pour faire une carrière de recherche ; mais cela est récent. Les doctorats « anciens » (appelés maintenant « Higher Doctorates ») prenaient des années, du fait que les candidats devaient montrer qu'ils étaient expert (leader) dans leur domaine.
Ces doctorats sont de plus en plus rares et sont désignés par l'appellation « honoraire ». Certaines universités britanniques dont l'Université de York, l'Université d'Oxford et l'Université de Sussex utilisent « D.Phil. » pour désigner un Ph.D.
Le Ph.D. est le plus commun des doctorats de recherche aux États-Unis, mais il y a beaucoup d'autres types. Le U.S. Department of Education et le U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) les considèrent comme équivalents.
Liste des doctorats :
- Doctor of Applied Science (D.A.S.)
- Doctor of Architecture (D.Arch.)
- Doctor of Arts (D.A.)
- Doctor of Business Administration (D.B.A.)
- Doctor of Canon Law (J.C.D.)
- Doctor of Chemistry (D.Chem.)
- Doctor of Comparative/Civil Law (D.C.L.)
- Doctor of Criminal Justice (D.C.J.)
- Doctor of Criminology (D.Crim.)
- Doctor of Design (Dr.DES.)
- Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)
- Doctor of Engineering (D.Eng.)
- Doctor of Environmental Design (D.E.D.)
- Doctor of Environment (D.Env.)
- Doctor of Engineering Science (D.E.Sc./Sc.D.E.)
- Doctor of Forestry (D.F.)
- Doctor of Fine Arts (D.F.A.)
- Doctor of Geological Science (D.G.S.)
- Doctor of Health and Safety (D.H.S.)
- Doctor of Hebrew Literature/Letters (D.H.L.)
- Doctor of Hebrew Studies (D.H.S.)
- Doctor of Industrial Technology (D.I.T.)
- Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.)
- Doctor of Juristic Science (J.S.D.)
- Doctor of Laws (LL.D.)
- Doctor of Library Science (D.L.S.)
- Doctor of Ministry (D.Min./D.M.)
- Doctor of Modern Languages (D.M.L.)
- Doctor of Music Ministry (D.M.M.)
- Doctor of Medical Science (D.M.Sc.)
- Doctor of Music (D.M.)
- Doctor of Musical Arts (D.M.A., A.Mus.D.)
- Doctor of Musical Education (D.M.E.)
- Doctor of Nursing Science (D.N.Sc.)
- Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
- Doctor of Physical Education (D.P.E.)
- Doctor of Professional Studies (D.P.S.)
- Doctor of Public Administration (D.P.A.)
- Doctor of Public Health (D.P.H.)
- Doctor of Recreation (D.Rec./D.R.)
- Doctor of Religious Education (D.R.E.)
- Doctor of Sacred Music (D.S.M.)
- Doctor of Sacred Theology (S.T.D.)
- Doctor of Science (D.Sc./Sc.D.)
- Doctor of Science in Dentistry (D.Sc.D.)
- Doctor of Science and Hygiene (D.Sc.H.)
- Doctor of Science in Veterinary Medicine (D.Sc.V.M.)
- Doctor of Social Science (D.S.Sc.)
- Doctor of Social Work (D.S.W.)
- Doctor of the Science of Law (L.Sc.D.)
- Doctor of Rehabilitation (Rh.D.)
- Doctor of Theology (Th.D.)
