Farther Pomerania
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Farther Pomerania or Further Pomerania (German: Hinterpommern; Polish: Pomorze Zachodnie) is the part of Pomerania east of the Oder River. Farther Pomerania is sometimes known as Upper Pomerania or Middle Pomerania (Polish: Pomorze Środkowe), as it is between Hither Pomerania and Gdańsk Pomerania.
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[edit] Towns
Major towns of Farther Pomerania include:
- Bytów (Bütow)
- Darłowo (Rügenwalde)
- Kołobrzeg (Kolberg)
- Koszalin (Köslin)
- Lębork (Lauenburg)
- Słupsk (Stolp)
- Stargard Szczeciński (Stargard im Pommern)
- Szczecinek (Neustettin)
[edit] History
Farther Pomerania was part of the territory of Pomeranians organised in various Pomeranian duchies.
Since 962 was a polish province of Mieszko I. In 992 lands were gifted by Mieszko I to the pope or (according to other sources) to sons of Mieszko I and Oda von Haldensleben.
After s a result of military campaign in 1116, 1119 and 1121 all lands of Pomerania was conquered by Bolesław III and divided into smaler parts:
- east lands with Gdańsk as a capital became a part of Poland with Bolesław III's direct rule;
- Duchy of Słupsk and Sławno with duke Racibor I as a Poland's vassal state
- and finally Farther Pomerania with duke Warcisław I as Poland's vassal state .
Warcisław I became the founder of slavic Griffits dynasty (in Polish Wikipedia, in German Wikipedia) that ruled here (usually as vassals of other countries) until 1637.
Pomeranian Dukes managed lands on the both sides of Oder and therefore in different history periods teritories were vassal's or real estate of :
- Poland (962-992)
- Papal State or independent (992-1116)
- Poland (1116-1181)
- Holy Roman Empire (1181-1214)
- Denmark (1214-1227, parts to 1326)
- Holy Roman Empire (1227-1317)
- Poland (Regnum Poloniae) XV century
- independent duchies (1569-1648)
- Poland (eastern and south-central lands (1637-1773)
- Papal State (central lands 1600-1650 ?)
- Sweden (western lands 1611-1815)
- Electorate of Brandenburg (1654-1713)
- Prussia (1713-1871)
- Germany (1871 - 1945)
- Poland (from 1945)
After German vassalization, the region saw a huge influx of German settlers invited by the Pomeranian nobility to found towns and cultivate the countryside.
By the 18th century, Farther Pomerania was linguistically:
- in major cities German,
- in rular areas Kashubian
- Slavic (mainly Polish) in the areas of Leba and Lauenburg, roughly germanized by 1850.
- After Potsdam Conference in 1945, Farther Pomerania became part of the territory of Poland, and most of the German population was (in many cases forcibly) expelled.
[edit] Timelines
[edit] Majority of Farther Pomerania
- 1121-1238 Duchy of Slawno (German: Herzogtum Schlawe)
- 1238-1317 divided
- 1317-1654 part of the Duchy of Pomerania (districts: Duchy of Kashubia, Duchy of Vandalia, Principality of Cammin)
- 1654-1815 part of Brandenburg-Prussia (districts: Duchy of Kashubia, Duchy of Vandalia, Principality of Cammin)
- 1815-1945 District of Köslin, part of Prussian Province of Pomerania, part of Germany after 1871
- 1945-1950 part of Szczecin Voivodeship
- 1950-1975 Koszalin Voivodeship
- 1975-1998 Koszalin Voivodeship, Słupsk Voivodeship
- after 1999 divided between Pomeranian Voivodeship and West Pomeranian Voivodeship
[edit] Lębork and Bytów
Lębork (Lauenburg) and Bytów (Bütow) had a slightly different history:
- 1310 to Teutonic Knights (together with Pomerelia)
- 1454 to Poland (Royal Prussia)
- 1455 as a Polish fief administrated by dukes of Pomerania
- 1637 after the extinction of the dukes of Pomerania, restored to Poland
- 1657 as a Polish fief, administrated by electors of Brandenburg-Prussia
- 1698 Prussians stopped recognizing Polish suzerainty over the towns
- 1773 After the first Partition of Poland, included in the Province of Pomerania in the Kingdom of Prussia
- 1945 restored to Poland
[edit] See also
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