Bernardino Machado

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Bernardino Machado

Prime Minister of Portugal (President of the Ministry)
Order:	60th and 80th (6th and 26th of the Republic)
Term of Office	(1st) February 9, 1914 - December 12, 1914 (2nd) March 2, 1921 - May 23, 1921
Predecessor:	(1st) Afonso Costa (2nd) Liberato Pinto
Successor:	(1st) Victor Hugo de Azevedo Coutinho (2nd) Tomé de Barros Queirós
President of Portugal
Order:	3rd and 8th
Term of Office	(1st) August 6, 1915 - December 5, 1917 (2nd) December 11, 1925 - May 31, 1926
Predecessor:	(1st) Teófilo Braga (2nd) Manuel Teixeira Gomes
Successor:	(1st) Sidónio Pais (as Prime Minister Head of State (2nd) José Mendes Cabeçadas
Date of Birth	March 28, 1851
Place of Birth:	Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Date of Death	April 29, 1944
Place of Death:	Porto
Wife:	Elzira Gonçalves Pereira
Occupation:	Ambassador Mathematician
Political Party:	Republican (later Democratic)

Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães, GCL (pron. IPA [bɨɾnaɾ'dinu mɐ'ʃadu]) (* 28 March 1851 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; † 29 April 1944 in Oporto), was a famous Portuguese political figure, and twice president of Portugal (1915–17, 1925–26).

Contents 1 Early life 2 Political scene 3 Personal life 4 Books

[edit] Early life

He came to Portugal in 1860, enrolled at Coimbra University in 1866, studied Mathematics for 3 years, and graduated in Philosophy in 1873. In 1872, he chose to obtain Portuguese nationality. Continuing with his studies, obtained a doctorate in Philosophy in 1876, and graduation in General Agriculture and Rural Economy in 1883. He lectured at that institution since 1877.

[edit] Political scene

He then turned to a second interest; in 1882 was elected to the Portuguese parliament for Lamego, and in 1886 for Coimbra. In 1890 and 1894 was also elected Peer of the Realm by the Coimbra University. During this period he was briefly Minister for Public Works on the Hintze Ribeiro cabinet, in 1893 and created the first labour court in Portugal. Taking a special interest in public education during his political activity he was made part of the Superior Council of Public Education in 1892, and published several books on the subject. Machado was also briefly President of the Directory of the Democratic Party in 1902, and after switching to the Republican Party, was this party's President of the Directory from 1906 to 1909.

Once the Republic was proclaimed in 1910 he was made Minister for Foreign Affairs, and ran an unsuccessful campaign for the Presidential elections of 1911. Afterwards appointed ambassador to Brazil, made his political comeback in 1914 to lead one of many brief cabinets the country had in this period. Machado ran again to the Presidency in 1915 and was this time elected President of Portugal. In the course of his term, he would receive Germany's declaration of war (March, 1916), and would visit the Portuguese forces placed in France in the battlefields.

In 1917 the government was deposed by a military coup headed by Sidónio Pais, and Machado went into exile.

Upon Machado's return in 1919 he was elected Senator. He served as Prime Minister from 10 February to 23 May 1921. Once again, in 1925, he achieved the presidential office after President Teixeira Gomes resigned, only to be overthrown a year later (1926) by Gomes da Costa (See: 28th May 1926 coup d'état and Ditadura Nacional). The country remained under a military, then civilian, dictatorship until 1974.

For a second time he went into exile in France, where he continued to be very critical of the Portuguese regime. The German occupation of France in 1940 forced him to seek protection in Partugal, which the government granted him with the condition that he was to be confined to his personal retreat in the northern part of Portugal. It was there in Oporto that he died in 1944.

[edit] Personal life

He was father-in-law of the famous writer Aquilino Ribeiro.

[edit] Books

• Introdução à Pedagogia, 1902
• O Ensino, 1898
• O Ensino Primário e Secundário, 1899
• O Ensino Superior, 1900

Preceded by: Afonso Costa	Prime Minister of Portugal (President of the Ministry) 1914	Succeeded by: Victor Hugo de Azevedo Coutinho
Preceded by: Teófilo Braga	President of Portugal 1915–1917	Succeeded by: Sidónio Pais
Preceded by: Liberato Pinto	Prime Minister of Portugal (President of the Ministry) 1921	Succeeded by: Tomé José de Barros Queirós
Preceded by: Manuel Teixeira Gomes	President of Portugal 1925–1926	Succeeded by: Mendes Cabeçadas